CLA SPEECH TERMS

CLA revision terms

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BEHAVIOURISTS
those who believe that language is acquired through imitation and reinforcement
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BOUND MORPHEMES
one that cannot stand alone as an independent word, but must be attached to another morpheme/word
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CHILD-DIRECTED SPEECH
any of various speech patterns used by parents or care givers when communicating with young children, particularly infants, usually involving simplified vocabularly, melodic pitch, repetitive questioning, and a slow or deliberate tempo
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COGNITIVE THEORISTS
those who believe that language acquisition is part of a wider development of understanding
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CONTENT WORD
a type of word that has an independent 'dictionary' meaning, also called a lexical word
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CONSONANT
a speech sound is produced when the vocal tract is either blocked or so restricted that there is audible friction
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DEIXIS
lexical items that 'point' towards something and place words in context
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DISCOURSE
a stretch of communication
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EGOCENTRIC SPEECH
the running discourse style of speech used by children where no listener is directly addressed and the talk is focused on the child's activities
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EXPANSION
the development of a child's utterance into a longer, more meaningful form
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FREE MORPHEME
one that can stand alone as an independent word
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FUNCTION WORD
a word whose role is largely or wholly to express a grammatical relationship
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HOLOPHRASE
a single word expressing a whole idea
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LANGUAGE ACQUISITION DEVICE (LAD)
the human brain's inbuilt capacity to acquire language
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LANGUAGE ACQUISITION SUPPORT SYSTEM (LASS)
this refers to the child's interaction with the adults around them and how this interaction supports language development
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LEXIS
the vocabulary of a language
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MEAN LENGTH UTTERANCE (MLU)
a measure of children's ability to produce stretches of language; the number of morphemes is divided by the total number of utterances to find the average length. a higher MLU is taken to indicate a higher level of language proficiency
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MORPHOLOGY
the area of language study that deals with the formation of words form smaller units called morphemes
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NATIVISTS
those who believe that humans have an inbuilt capacity to acquire language
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NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT
when an undesirable behaviour is unrewarded with the intention that it will not be repeated
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OBJECT PERMANENCE
the awareness that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer visable
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OVEREXTENSION
a feature of a child's language where the word used to label something is 'stretched' to include things that arent normally part of that word's meaning
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OVERGENERALISATION
a learner's extension of a word meaning or grammatical rule beyond its normal use
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PHONETICS
the study of the sounds used in speech, including how they are produced
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PHONEME
the smallest contrastive unit in the sound system of a language
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PHONEMIC CONTRACTION
the variety of sounds is reduced to the sounds of the main language used
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PHONEMIC EXPANSION
the variety of sounds produced increases
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PHONOLOGY
the study of the sound systems of language and how they communicate meaning
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POSITIVE REINFORCEMENT
when a behaviour is rewarded, including verbal praise to encourage this behaviour to be repeated
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PRAGMATICS
the factors that influence the choices that speakers make in their use of language- why we choose to say one thing rather than another
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RECAST
the commenting on, extending and rephrasing of a child's utterances
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SCAFFOLDING
the process of transferring a skill from adult to child and then withdrawing support once the skill has been mastered
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SEMANTICS
the study of meaning
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SOCIAL INTERACTIONISTS
those who believe that child language develops through interaction with carers
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SYNTAX
the way words are arranged to make sentences
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UNDEREXTENSION
a feature of a child's language where the word used to label is 'reduced' to include only part of its normal meaning
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UNIVERSAL GRAMMAR
the explanation that all world languages share the principles of grammar despite surface differences in lexis and phonology. sometimes called linguistic universals
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VIRTUOUS ERROR
syntactical errors made by young children in which the non-standard utterance reveals some understanding, though incomplete, of standard syntax
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VOWEL
a sound made without closure or audible friction
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

one that cannot stand alone as an independent word, but must be attached to another morpheme/word

Back

BOUND MORPHEMES

Card 3

Front

any of various speech patterns used by parents or care givers when communicating with young children, particularly infants, usually involving simplified vocabularly, melodic pitch, repetitive questioning, and a slow or deliberate tempo

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

those who believe that language acquisition is part of a wider development of understanding

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

a type of word that has an independent 'dictionary' meaning, also called a lexical word

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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