COMPUTER SCIENCE REVISION
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- Created by: starlighn642
- Created on: 03-08-24 13:49
What is the CPU?
The central processing unit is the most important component in computer system the purpose of it to process data and instructions by constantly repeating fetch decode execute
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What is control unit(CPU component)?
The control unit directs the flow of data and information into the CPU it also controls the other parts of the CPU
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What is the ALU(CPU component)?
The arthimetic logic unit performs the simple calculation and logical operations.
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What is the cache memory(CPU components)
Cache memory is used to temporarily to store data that is frequently accessed Cache memory are split in three levels L1 and L2 are within the CPU whilst L3 is outside the CPU
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What are registers(CPU component)?
Registers are temporary storage space for data and instruction inside the CPU the registers are used during the FDE cycle
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What is the FDE cycle?
The essential idea of the FDE cycle is that instructions are fetched from the RAM to be decoded(understood) and executed by the CPU
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What is the Program Counter(PC)?
The CIR register that tracks the RAM address of the next instruction to be fetched
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What is the Memory Address Register(MAR)?
The MAR register that tracks holds the address of the current instruction that is to be fetched from memory, or the address in memory to which data is to be transferred
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What is Memory Data Register(MDR)?
The MDR registor temporarily stores the data that is being transferred or from the memory(RAM)
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What is the Current Instruction Register(CIR)?
The CIR register that holds and stores the instruction currently be decoded and executed
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What is the Accumulator(ACC)?
The ACC register stores the result of mathetical or logical calculation?
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What is the Primary Storage?
The primary storage are quick to access because it is attached to the motherboard smaller in storage size (main memory)
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What is the Secondary Storage?
The secondary storage slower to access because it is not directly embedded on the motherboard typically larger storage space(backing store)
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What is volatile and non volatile?
Volatile storage is temporary data is lost whenever is power is turned off .
Read Access Memory (RAM).
Non-volatile storage saves the data when the power off and can be stored long term
Read Only Memory (ROM)
Read Access Memory (RAM).
Non-volatile storage saves the data when the power off and can be stored long term
Read Only Memory (ROM)
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What is flash memory?
Flash memory is editable as well as non-volatile so can be used for long term data storage and used for secondary storage
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What is Virtual Memory?
Virtual memory is when the Ram is nearly at full capacity so it will transfer storage space into temporary memory
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What is the characteristic of storage?
Capacity -the maximum amount of data can be stored
Durability- the physical strength of the device to withstand damage
Portability-how easy it is easy carry the device around
Access speed-how quickly the data on the device can be read or edited
Cost-the
Durability- the physical strength of the device to withstand damage
Portability-how easy it is easy carry the device around
Access speed-how quickly the data on the device can be read or edited
Cost-the
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What is an optical storage?
An optical storage uses laser to project on a disc allowing it to be read from CD, DVD, BLU-RAY making this the slowest has low capacity not durable very cheap and portable
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What is a optical storage?
Optical storage uses a laser to project a beam on light on a disc to be read on a DVD etc.
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What is a magnetic store?
A magnetic store uses magnetic coating on the material that are able to read/write an examples of these are floppy disk and magnetic tape.They has larger capacity and cheaper than solid state not durable and portable has slow access speed but faster tha
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What is a solid state storage?
A solid state storage have no moving parts they have high capacity but expensive cost usually durable small size are portable and has very fast access speed.An examples of these solid state Drive ,USB,Memory card
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Data storage units
All data in a computer system are in bits 0 and 1
4 bits-1 nibble
2 nibble-1 byte
1024 byte-1 kilobyte
1024 kilobyte-1 megabyte
1024 megabyte-1 gigabyte
1024 gigabyte-1 terabyte
1024 terabyte-1 petabyte
4 bits-1 nibble
2 nibble-1 byte
1024 byte-1 kilobyte
1024 kilobyte-1 megabyte
1024 megabyte-1 gigabyte
1024 gigabyte-1 terabyte
1024 terabyte-1 petabyte
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How does clock speed improve the CPU performance disadvantage /advantage?
The faster the clock speed the faster the computer can perform the FDE cycle resulting in more instruction can be processed in a second.
However this would mean a disadvantage as lead to overheating and increase energy consumption
However this would mean a disadvantage as lead to overheating and increase energy consumption
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How does number of cores improve the CPU performance disadvantage/advantage?
A core is a complete set of a CPU components and perform its own FDE cycle therefore more cores can execute instructions simultaneously.
A disadvantage of it that one core waiting for it to finish processing and performance may not increase
A disadvantage of it that one core waiting for it to finish processing and performance may not increase
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How does cache improve the CPU performance disadvantage/advantage?
Cache size bigger temporary storage of data of instruction being read/written from the Ram
A disadvantage they consume alot of memory as it cost time to process it
A disadvantage they consume alot of memory as it cost time to process it
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What is the motherboard?
The Motherboard is the main circuit board of a computer it holds and connect the different components together allowing data to be transferred between them
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What is a sound card?
Sound card converts analogue sound waves into digital data binary when inputting audio through a microphone also convert analogue sound wave to output audio through speaker or audio
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What is an embedded system?
An embedded system is a computer system built into a larger machine to provide a mean of control performs a specific program task stored in ROM and a combination that uses software and hardware
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What is an input device?
An input device are used by human interact with a computer system an example of this mouse,keyboard,microphone
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What is an output device?
An output device show the result of a computer processing of the human input interaction an example of this is speaker,projector,alarm.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The control unit directs the flow of data and information into the CPU it also controls the other parts of the CPU
Back
What is control unit(CPU component)?
Card 3
Front
The arthimetic logic unit performs the simple calculation and logical operations.
Back
Card 4
Front
Cache memory is used to temporarily to store data that is frequently accessed Cache memory are split in three levels L1 and L2 are within the CPU whilst L3 is outside the CPU
Back
Card 5
Front
Registers are temporary storage space for data and instruction inside the CPU the registers are used during the FDE cycle
Back
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