CONTRIBUTIONS: Learning

TOKEN ECONOMY PROGRAMMES: outline the therapy

based on operant conditioning and looks to shape behaviour behaviour in mental institutions, schools and prisons. uses principles of positive reinforcement and undesirable behaviour is either ignored or positively punished

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TOKEN ECONOMY PROGRAMMES: how is it a contribution?

1)maintain good mental health as it can be used to get rid of mental disorders or addiction 2)modifies undesirable behaviour in general so people fit societies norms 3)allows others to feel safe and comfortable knowing criminal behaviour being shaped

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TOKEN ECONOMY PROGRAMMES: two strengths

1)relatively inexpensive: staff are trained so no specialists are needed 2)hobbs and holt found young offenders on TEP improved and other half not on the programme just had consistent behaviour

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TOKEN ECONOMY PROGRAMMES: two weaknesses

1)basic human rights can sometimes be withheld so unethical: exploited as a contribution 2)often doesn't work outside institutional setting so not a lasting contribution to society

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SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION: outline the therapy

looks to cure phobias and types of anxiety disorders. works by producing relaxation response to stimuli that, before, produced anxiety response in the individual because sees the two as incompatible responses

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SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION: how is it a contribution?

1) maintaining good mental health in society by curing some mental disorders. phobias can prevent ability work in some cases e.g. fear of flying mean cannot take business trips abroad so improves ability to work for some people

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SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION: two strengths

1)McGraff found that 70% of individuals improved after this treatment 2)more ethical than other classical conditioning treatments such as aversion therapy

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SYSTEMATIC DESENSITISATION: two weaknesses

1)Barlow found 80% of agoraphobics improved but most relapsed soon after 2)only focuses on removing the phobia and observable symptoms of it, not any underlying emotions and issues

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CONTRIBUTIONS: Learning

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