Core Areas Cognitive Psychology Term Two Keywords
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- Created by: PsycSaph
- Created on: 03-04-19 15:20
Attention
the means by which we actually process a limited amount of information from the enormous amount of information available through our senses, our stored memories and our other cognitive processes
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Automaticity
state in which tasks do not require conscious control
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Amnesia
sever memory loss typically associated with brain injury, illness or psychological trauma
3 of 70
Anterograde amnesia
memory loss for events occurring after trauma
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Artefact
man-made grouping
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Analogy
thing that resembles what it represents
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Arbitariness
language is not inherently connected to the meaning it conveys
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Availability heuristic
events that are easily remembered are judged more probable
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Black box
behaviourist representation of the mind, assuming it cannot be understood
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Bottom-up
stimulus-driven processing
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Binocular
cues observed with two eyes
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Cognitive psychology
the mind and thoughts are assumed to govern behaviour
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Computational metaphor
mind is a computing device
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Cognitive science
multi-disciplinary approach to studying the mind
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Continuity
elements that form a smooth continuous figure are perceived as forming a group
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Conjunction search
scanning the environment for a combination of features
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Cocktail party effect
ability to tune into one conversation while tuning out all other noises
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Chunking
combining smaller units into larger ones
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Central executive
coordinates information and components
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Coordinate
at the same level of hierarchy
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Cognitive economy
properties only stored once at the highest possible node
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Distal stimulus
entity in the external world
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Depth perception
ability to perceive the external world in 3D and distances to external entities
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Depth cues
sensory info that aids in 3D perception of external world
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Displacement
language is not limited to the here and now
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Deduction
reasoning from general to specific
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Encoding
putting information into memory
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Episodic buffer
integrates information in working memory with long-term memory
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Epiphenimenal
by-product of primary mental processes
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Figure ground
some elements are prominent (figure), some in background (ground)
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Feature search
scanning the environment for a single feature
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Grouping principles
laws that govern the perceived grouping of elements
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Human anology
: receives an input, performs internal unobservable computation and produces an output
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Hierarchy
general concepts at top and specific at bottom
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Imagery
the mental representation of stimuli not currently sensed by the sense organs
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Induction
reasoning from specific to general
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Links
correspond to relations among concepts and properties of concepts
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Language
system of communication
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Monocular
cues observed with one eye
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Memory
the means by which we encode, store and retrieve info and experiences
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Morphology
describes the meaning units of language
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Nodes
correspond to concepts
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Natural kind
naturally occurring grouping
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Proximal sensation
stimulation of the sense organs by a distal stimulus
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Perceptual object
internalised representation of a distal stimulus
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Perception
the set of processes by which we recognise, organise and make sense of the sensations we receive from the external world
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Proximity
elements are close are perceived as forming a group
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Primacy effect
superior recall for items at the beginning of a list
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Phonological loop
briefly stores acoustic information
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Propositional
specify superordinate-subordinate relations among concepts
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Property links
specify properties of concepts
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Proposition
string of symbols that is arbitrarily related to what it represents
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Phonology
describes the sound units of language
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Retrieval
getting information out
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Recency effect
superior recall for items at the end of a list
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Retrograde amnesia
memory loss for events occurring before trauma
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Representativeness heuristic
probability that A is a member of B is determined by how well A resembles B
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Sensation
the set of processes by which our sense organs respond to and translate stimuli from the external world into nerve impulses that are sent to the brain
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Similarity
elements that are similar are perceived as forming a group
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Symmetry
elements that form a figure that id symmetric around its centre are perceived as a group
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Search
the ability to find a particular stimulus
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Storage
retaining information over time
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Selective attention
ability to focus on some stimulus while filtering out other stimulus
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Superordinate
at a higher level in the hierarchy
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Subordinate
at a lower level in the hierarchy
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Symbol
thing that represents or stands for something else (e.g. words)
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Syntax
describes the phrasal and sentential structure of language
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Speech perception
the set of processes by which we recognise, organise and make sense of speech sounds
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Top-down
expectation-driven processing
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Visuospatial sketchpad
briefly stores visual & spatial information
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Automaticity
Back
state in which tasks do not require conscious control
Card 3
Front
Amnesia
Back
Card 4
Front
Anterograde amnesia
Back
Card 5
Front
Artefact
Back
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