Governing parties
Campaign groups
civil servants
Public enquiries
Opposing parties
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How many Lords are in the House of Lords?
800 total
92 hereditary
26 belong to the church of England
2 of 32
How many are in the House of Commons?
650 elected members
3 of 32
What are the three rules of statutory interpretation and what are they?
Literal rule - Dictionary working
Golden rule - Amend literal law
Mischief rule - Intension of law
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What is the name of the law that higher courts make for lower ones to follow?
Common Law
5 of 32
What is a binding president?
What higher courts say go
6 of 32
What are the two exemptions of common law?
Distinguishing and overruling
7 of 32
What are the seven stages of a bill?
First reading
Second reading
committee stage
Report stage
Third reading
House of lords
Royal assent
8 of 32
Ac1.2
What are the six aspects of the justice system?
Police
Cps
National probation service
Government
HM courts and tribunal service
Probation officers
9 of 32
What is the ministry of justice made up of?
- Law creation and administration
- Law enforcement
-The courts
-Punishment
10 of 32
How many cases do CPS do a year?
500,000
11 of 32
AC1.3
What are the two Models of crime?
Crime control and Due process
12 of 32
What theories does crime control link with?
Functionalism, Right realism, Labelling, Strain theory
13 of 32
What does due process link with?
Marxism, Left realism
14 of 32
AC2.1
what is Hirschi’s theory?
Social bonds theory.
attachments, commitments, involvements, beliefs
15 of 32
What is Reckless' theory?
Self control theory
16 of 32
What is Henderson's theory?
Patriarchal control theory
17 of 32
What are the two types of social control?
Internal and external
18 of 32
What are the two types of ways external SC works?
Operant conditioning (Skinners rat box)
Coercion
19 of 32
What are the three theories linked with internal social control?
1. Parsons theory (internalised norms)
2. Arnett's theory (three functions of SC)
3. Freuds' psychoanalytic theory (ID, EGO, SUPEREGO)
20 of 32
AC2.2
What are the six aims of punishment?
Denunciation,
Reparation,
Public protection,
Deterrence,
Rehabilitation,
Retribution
21 of 32
What act were the six aims laid out by?
The Criminal Justice Act 2003
22 of 32
AC2.3
What are the four methods of punishment?
Imprisonment,
Fines,
Community service
Discharged
23 of 32
What considerations are made for a lesser sanction?
plead guilty
background issues
remorse
age
first-time offence
out of character
24 of 32
What is considered under the Criminal Justice Act 2003 when convicting a criminal?
seriousness of the offence
was offender on bail
previous conviction
racially motivated or hate crime
was the offender in a position of trust
vulnerability of victim
25 of 32
Ac3.1
What are the six agencies of SC?
Police,
CPS,
Judiciary,
Prison,
Probation service,
Charities/pressure groups
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