Strengthens collective values; Enables social change; Acts as a 'safety valve'; Acts as a warning device
1 of 19
Merton
Strain Theory; Social order is based on consensus around social goals and how to achieve them; Most people share goals and conform to the approved way of achieving them.
2 of 19
Cohen
Status Frustration; Reactive Delinquent Subculture
Independent Subculture and Focal concerns; Risk of law breaking; Exaggerated in the lives of young people; Overconformity to the lower working class subculture rather than the rejection of dominant values.
5 of 19
Criticisms of Functionalist
Taylor -Wrong to assume that there is value consensus; Subcultures only used to explain WC and not white collar crime; Use Official Statistics; Matza - Most WC youths don't engage regularly in crime; Matza-Delinquents are not different, share values
6 of 19
Hirschi
Control theory- Social Bonds; Attachment, Belief, Commitment, Involvement
7 of 19
Control Theory - Strengths
Recognise importance of socialisation and social control in maintaining a cohesive society; Assumes those who have committed crime have broken away from the bonds
8 of 19
Control Theory - Limitations
Doesn't explain Weaker bonds; Doesn't explain the variety of forms of C+D; Doesn't recognise that it's possible to be deviant and have tight social bonds.
9 of 19
Traditional Marxists
1. Capitalist society is criminogenic; 1. The law reflects the ruling class's ideology; 3. Selective law enforcement
10 of 19
Neo- Marxist
People aren't forced to commit crime, they choose to. Gillroy (Black Crime); Taylor; Hall
11 of 19
Criticisms of Marxists and Neo-Marxists
Over- Emphasis on Property Crime; Focuses on men; Too deterministic; Difficult to interpret; Pay little attention to victims of crime.
12 of 19
Moral Entrepreneur
A person, or group or organisation with the power to create or enforce rules and impose their definitions of deviance
13 of 19
Interactionist/ Labelling Theories
Many People involve themselves in some deviant or illegal behaviour so it is hard to make a distinction between deviants and non-deviants, therefore it attempts to find the cause to crime, which is pointless
14 of 19
Becker
Acts only become deviant when it is labelled as deviant
15 of 19
Cicourel
Selective Law Enforcement - Subjective perceptions and stereotypes can affect whether criminal labels are attached and how these lead to social construction of crime stats
16 of 19
Goffman
How others see us, affects how we act
17 of 19
Lemert
Primary Deviance leads to Secondary deviance through societal reaction; sensitisation and amplification
18 of 19
'Malestream' Sociology
Heidensohn and Silvestri; 1. Amnesia; 2. Neglect and Distortion
19 of 19
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Strain Theory; Social order is based on consensus around social goals and how to achieve them; Most people share goals and conform to the approved way of achieving them.
Back
Merton
Card 3
Front
Status Frustration; Reactive Delinquent Subculture
Independent Subculture and Focal concerns; Risk of law breaking; Exaggerated in the lives of young people; Overconformity to the lower working class subculture rather than the rejection of dominant values.
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