Deployment: Quality Planning

What is quality?

The fitness for purpose of the degree of conformance of the outputs of a process, or the process itself to the requirements

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What is quality management?

A discipline for ensuring the outputs, benefits and the processes by which they are delivered, meet stakeholder requirements and are fit for purpose

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Component of quality management: Quality Planning

Sets out the desired quality of work within the scope of the project and how quality will be tested, may reference external regulations and standards. Also includes planning for assurance and control activities

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The 6 sections in a quality plan?

Quality standards to be achieved, quality methods and procedures to be used, Specific quality tools (scatter diagrams etc), Records and reports that will be created (quality register), Timing of reviews, audits and checks, Specific roles and responsibilit

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Component of Quality management: Quality assurance (what is it?)

QA is undertaken by someone independent from the project, the aim is to prevent problems from occurring in the process by making sure that all processes are fit for purpose and operate smoothly. Primary aim is to provide assurance to stakeholders.

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Component of Quality management: Quality assurance reviews (What are they?)

QA reviews help identify and communicate any lessons that will enable continuous improvement in defined processes. Targeted at key decision points in the life cycle and based on agreed standards. The purpose is to keep errors out of processes, streamlinin

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Component of Quality management: Quality Control

QC is the reactive measurement and inspection of project deliverables. Generally undertaken by a member of the project team to ensure deliverables follow agreed acceptance criteria

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What is the PDCA - 4 step quality model for continuous improvement?

Plan - identify an opportunity and plan for change
Do - Implement the change on a small scale
Check - Use data to analyse the results of the change and determine whether it made a difference
Act - If the change was successful implement it on a wider scal

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Seven basic tools of quality: Control (run) charts

Monitor, control and improve process performance over time by studying output variance and why it occurs. The process is said to be under control if the variation is random and within the agreed control limits.

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Seven basic tools of quality: Check sheets

Allow the team to systematically record and compile data and check performance against agreed criteria and/or historical information. The check sheet may also be used to collect data over time in order to quantify patterns and trends.

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Seven basic tools of quality: Cause and effect diagrams (Fishbone or Ishikawa diagrams)

These diagrams graphically document the possible causes of a single effect (issue) and cluster these into major areas. Cause and effect diagrams support root cause analysis and may be used in conjunction with other techniques such as ‘5-whys’.

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Seven basic tools of quality: Histograms

Graphically represent frequency distribution in bar form. They are very good for displaying large amounts of data that would be difficult to interpret in tabular form.

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Seven basic tools of quality: Pareto charts

A special type of histogram where different quality issues are prioritised from high to low in terms of their frequency of occurrence. This allows the project team to focus on the issues that cause the highest number of issues.

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Seven basic tools of quality: Flowcharts

Dictate the individual steps, logical sequence and decision points within any process. Flowcharts help to identify unexpected complexity, problem areas and redundant steps. They are commonly used to help analyse and improve business processes.

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Seven basic tools of quality: Scatter diagrams

Scatter diagrams study and identify the possible correlation between two variables. The diagram provides a visual and statistical method of testing the strength of a potential relationship. Although positive or negative correlation may be suggested, furth

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What is statistical sampling/acceptance sampling?

Used in high volume manufacturing when it isn't cost effective to test 100% of the outputs. The sample may check process inputs and/or outputs.

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What is the acceptance quality level (AQL) in statistical sampling?

The highest number of defective components that may be contained in any one batch, as considered acceptable to the customer

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What is inspection? (in the context of quality)

The examination of a deliverable whether it conforms to the agreed specification or standard e.g. peer reviews, audits and walkthroughs etc.

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When would an inspection be carried out by an independent party (segregation of duties)

When safety or finance are involved?

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What are the 4 components of the total organisational 'cost of quality'?

External failure, internal failure, prevention and appraisal

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Benefit of quality management: Credibility

Increased credibility leading to higher confidence from management, customers, regulatory bodies etc.

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Benefit of quality management: Decision making

Improved due to better source data and information

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Benefit of quality management: Consistency

More consistent approach to project activities leading to less variation in the process outputs

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Benefit of quality management: Efficiency

More efficient processes as effort is directed to the areas that will result in better quality for less incremental cost

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Benefit of quality management: Errors

Significant reduction in errors detected by the delivery organisation and/or customer

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Benefit of quality management: Customers

Improved customer satisfaction

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Benefit of quality management: Lessons learned

Lessons learned are disseminated throughout the organisation through effective quality assurance and continuous improvements mechanisms

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Deployment: Quality Planning

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