objective test - must ask whether a sober person of reasonable firmness with the same characteristics as D will respond in the same way
2 of 8
Gill (duress by threats)
the threat must be imminent and unavoidable
3 of 8
Hasan (duress by threats)
the acts must be casued by the threats, must be directed at D or another recognisble person, not available where D voluntarily associated with criminals
4 of 8
Conway (duress of circumstances)
external circumstances that the D believes constitutes a serious threat
5 of 8
Mulally (duress of circumstances)
th threat must be effective at the time of the crime
6 of 8
Martin (duress of circumstances)
same objective test used in Graham
7 of 8
Conway
D can rely on the defence evem if there is no actual threat - he was judged on the facts as he believed them to be
8 of 8
Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Graham (duress by threats)
Back
objective test - must ask whether a sober person of reasonable firmness with the same characteristics as D will respond in the same way
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