Edexcel Unit 1: Why did war break out 1900-1914?

It speeded up the start of the war. This was because if Germany was to fight Russia, it needed to attack and defeat France quickly to avoid war on two fronts.

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  • Created by: Buffy
  • Created on: 19-05-13 17:16
The Triple Alliance (1882)
This was between Germany, Austria- Hungary, and Italy, said these countries would help each other in the time of war. It left France isolated and nervous.
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The Entente Cordiale (1904)
It was an agreement between France and Britain not to quarrel over colonies. It strengthened them against the growing power of Germany.
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The Triple Entente (1907)
It was between France, Britain and Russia. It gave them security against the Triple Alliance. Europe split into two powerful rival groups.
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Economic Competition
In 1913, Britain made about £1.2 million from trade, just ahead of Germany, with £1 million. But by 1914, Germany was producing more iron, more steel, and more cars than Britain. This rivalry caused tension.
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Colonial Compeition
Britain and France gained cheap raw materials and exports markets in their colonies. These things made them more powerful. Britain tool £1000 million in tax and goods just form India form 1750 to 1900. Germany had few colonies and wanted more.
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The Algeciars Conference
It was held in 1906 to discuss Morocco. The Kaiser said it should be independent. He knew France wanted it as a colony. Britain backed France and the conference agreed. Britain also promised troops to help France if it was attacked by Germany.
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The Agadir Crisis
In 1911, after a rebellion in Morocco, France took over. A German gunboat, the Panther, sailed to Agadir and threatened the French. Britain said it would go to war if Germany kept on bullying France. Germany had to back down.
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Morocco
The two crises in Morocco (Algeciras and Agadir) made war more likely. Twice the Kaiser tested the Entente Cordiale, nut the Alliance held and he just made Britain and France keener to resist him.
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Naval Rivalry
Germany began to threaten Britain's naval superiority. In 1898, the Kaiser announced that Germany would build a navy. In 1906, Britain responded with the Dreadnought, a powerful battleship. From 1906 to 1915 Britain built 29 and Germany build 17.
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The Arms Race
As tensions rose, all the Great Powers, except Britain, introduced conscription. By 1914, the German army numbered 1.5 million. Large armies, in rival alliances committed to defend each other, were a dangerous development.
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Ottoman weakness in the Balkans
The Balkans were divided among surrounding powers, mostly the Ottoman Empire. But the Ottoman Empire was now weak and started to break up. In 1878, Serbia and Bulgaria split from Ottoman Empire.
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Balkan Nationalism
Encouraged by Serbia, Slav people in the Balkans demanded that they should be independent. This also threatened Austria- Hungary, where there were millions of Slavs, Czechs and Croats.
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The Great Powers split over the Balkans
The Ottoman Empire and Austria-Hungary actively opposed Balkan nationalism. Russia, a Slav country, encouraged it. Britain and France did all they could to protect their Balkan trade routes.
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Bosnian Crisis
In 1908, Austria- Hungary ran Bosnia- Herzegovina. The new Turkish government threatened to take Bosnia- Herzegovina back into the Ottoman Empire. In September 1908, Austria- Hungary formally annexed Bosnia- Herzegovina.This angered Balkan nationalis
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The Balkan League
In 1911, the Turkish government fell. Balkan states took advantage. Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, and Bulgaria set up the Balkan League. This was a clear threat to the Ottoman and Austrian Empires.
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The First Balkan War (1912-1913)
In 1912, the Balkan Leagure attacked the Ottoman Empire and forced it out of Europe. This owrried Austria- Hungary. At a conference in London, Austria- Hunagary, Britain and France put pressure on both sides to make peace in 1913.
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The Scond Balkan War (1913)
It broke out a month after the first war ended. Balkan states fought each other for land; the Turks joined in too. When fighting stopped, no one was content. Serbia had grown in power, but still wanted more land.
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Franz Ferdinand
He was the heir to the throne of Austria. In June 1914 he went to Sarajevo, the capital of Bosnia- Herzegovina. Balkan nationalists resented him being there. Gavrilo Princip, a Serbian nationalist from Black Hand, assassinated him.
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Franz Ferdinand's assassination
It was an attack on Austria- Hungary by nationalists. Austria- Hungary said Serbia had organised the killing. On 23 July, they sent Serbia a list of unreasonable demands, which Serbia rejected. Austria declared war on 28 July.
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The Alliance System
It now turned a local conflict into a world war. To help Serbia, Russia prepared for war against Austria- Hungary, so Germany declared war on Russia on 1 August. To support Russia, France joined the war on 2 August.
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Belgium invaison
When Germany invaded France through Belgium, Britain joined the war on 4 August.
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The Schlieffen Plan
It speeded up the start of the war. This was because if Germany was to fight Russia, it needed to attack and defeat France quickly to avoid war on two fronts.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

It was an agreement between France and Britain not to quarrel over colonies. It strengthened them against the growing power of Germany.

Back

The Entente Cordiale (1904)

Card 3

Front

It was between France, Britain and Russia. It gave them security against the Triple Alliance. Europe split into two powerful rival groups.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

In 1913, Britain made about £1.2 million from trade, just ahead of Germany, with £1 million. But by 1914, Germany was producing more iron, more steel, and more cars than Britain. This rivalry caused tension.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Britain and France gained cheap raw materials and exports markets in their colonies. These things made them more powerful. Britain tool £1000 million in tax and goods just form India form 1750 to 1900. Germany had few colonies and wanted more.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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