Eisenhower policies 2

Stalin's death

Stalin died in spring 1953, and was replaced with Georgi Malenkov, who talked of peace and 'mutual understanding', to which Eisenhower responded with his 'Chance for peace' speech. He said that USSR would have to agree to several conditions, which they in

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U-2 crisis

U-2 planes were spy planes used as a method of covert warfare. In 1960, the Soviets announced that they had shot down a U-2, however Eisenhower's administration claimed the plane was on a meteorological mission. When the Soviets produced both the plane an

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U-2 crisis (2)

Eisenhower finally admitted responsibility for the spy flight and prepared to meet Krushchev at the Paris summit a few days later. Krushchev set out unacceptable conditions, then shouted anti-American abuse for 45 minutes. The summit, and any prospects fo

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Hungary

In 1956, Hungarian anti-Soviet demonstrations developed into a revolt. When the Soviets sent in tanks and 250,000 soldiers, Hungary expected American aid. However, Eisenhower described landlocked Hungary as 'inaccessible to us as Tibet': the iron curtain

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Berlin

`In November 1958, Krushchev demanded that West Berlin become a 'free city', and threatened to turn the access routes to Berlin over to East Germany. Eisenhower did not respond so was criticised by the Democrats, press, defence department and arms industr

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Berlin (2)

Eisenhower made it clear that the United States would always support West Berlin, but denied that there was a Berlin Crisis. Subsequently, Krushchev had room to retreat and the 'crisis' passed

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Ending the Korean War

After his election in Nov. 1952, Eisenhower flew to Korea, saw that the Communists were well-established and concluded that the US should exit the stalemate. Many key figures disagreed, but regardless, he pressed the Chinese to agree to a truce, which the

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The Geneva Conference, 1954

This conference finalised France's exit from Vietnam, and the temporary division into a Communist north and a non-Communist south - there would be nation-wide elections and reunification by 1956. However, Eisenhower refused to sign, creating the new 'stat

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Vietnam

By 1961, Eisenhower had given Diem $7 billion in aid and nearly 1000 American advisors. He also established SEATO to protect South Vietnam, however the Communists were increasingly active and disruptive

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Vietnam (2)

Vice President Nixon saw that South Vietnam 'lacked the ability to conduct a war or govern themselves', and that Eisenhower had committed the United States to an unimpressive leader in a state that was not viable - dramatically escalating American commitm

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Quemoy & Matsu Crises

These were small islands in the Taiwan strait separating Mao Zedong's Communist forces from Chang Kai-shek's Taiwan. After the establishment of SEATO, China bombarded the islands. Eisenhower was encouraged to intervene, but did not want to risk war with C

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Quemoy & Matsu Crises (2)

Anti-Chinese sentiment was growing in the US, so Eisenhower was pressured to sign a treaty committing the US to the defence of Taiwan. When China seemed it was planning to invade Quemoy and Matsu in 1958, Eisenhower threatened to respond if they did so. C

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Iran

In 1951, Iran's elected Prime Minister Mossadegh seized the British-owned Anglo-Persian oil company. Convinced that they would become Communist, Eisenhower used the CIA to perform an Iranian coup in 1953 that restored the authority of pro-American dictat

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Egypt

Eisenhower had promised Egypt financial and technical aid, however Colonel Nasser had bough Soviet-supplied arms, recognised Communist China and seemed to be trying to create a neutral bloc in the Cold War. While Eisenhower was hospitalised, Dulles withdr

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The Suez Crisis

Began in late October 1956, when Israel attacked Egypt so Britain and France moved in to safeguard the Suez Canal. The global reaction was hostile, and Eisenhower pressured Britain and France to withdraw form the region

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The Suez Crisis (2)

Britain had expected US sympathy since Eisenhower disliked Nasser, however he wanted to: keep good relations with Arab nations for their oil, avoid alienating Muslims, avoid association with Anglo-French Neo-colonialism and keep the Soviets out (Krushchev

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