Emotion - Historical Background and Theories

?
  • Created by: JemD
  • Created on: 25-01-24 18:44
What is typically involved in an emotion episode?
a triggering event, bodily responses and communicative expressions, action tendency/readiness, changes in the way we think
1 of 29
After Darwin's "on the origin of species", what did he do?
extended his theory of evolution to mental states, and to human emotions
2 of 29
What did Darwin assume about emotions?
1. they are a class of mental states, 2. they are usually caused by emotion-specific appraisals of events, and they often cause emotion-specific bodily changes
3 of 29
What was the name of Darwin's 1872 book about emotions?
"the expression of emotions in man and animals"
4 of 29
In "the expression of emotions in man and animals" what did Darwin suggest?
that emotional expression of humans are the product of evolution
5 of 29
What research methods did Darwin use in his studies of emotion?
intra and intercultural studies of facial emotion recognition; observations of emotional expressions in children and in blind-born people; and cross-species comparisons of emotional expressions
6 of 29
Based on his studies, what did Darwin conclude about emotion?
facial expressions of emotions as well as recognition of others' emotional expression is inherited
7 of 29
Psychologists like whom were inspired by Darwin's idea that the theory of evolution applies to mental traits?
William James
8 of 29
Darwin's idea that emotion expressions correspond to different emotion categories inspires which contemporary theories?
basic emotions theories
9 of 29
What did William James assume about emotion?
subjective emotional experience is caused by changes in the body resulting from perception of an important event
10 of 29
What is James' assumption about emotion called?
James-Lange Theory (the first theory of emotion)
11 of 29
What was James' reasoning for different emotions being experienced differently?
because they arise from different constellations of physiological responses
12 of 29
What was the James-Lange theory later called?
the peripheral theory of emotions
13 of 29
Why was James-Lange theory later called the peripheral theory of emotions?
because it emphasizes the importance of bodily responses for the emergence of emotions
14 of 29
What approach does the James-Lange theory take to emotion?
a constructivist approach as it assumes there is no separate and specialized emotion center in the brain
15 of 29
What did Walter Cannon and Philip Bard hypothesize about emotion?
the subjective experience of emotion occurs simultaneously and independently of autonomous bodily changes
16 of 29
Walter Cannon and Philip Bard also believed that emotional events had 2 separate effects on the brain, what are those effects?
1. stimulate the autonomous nervous system to elicit the physiological arousal that prepares the body to respond to a threat, 2. simultaneously, cause the cerebral cortex to perceive emotions
17 of 29
What region of the brain did Cannon and Bard highlight in triggering emotion and being where the two effects separate?
the thalamus
18 of 29
What is Cannon and Bard's theory of emotion called?
the thalamic theory of emotion
19 of 29
According to the thalamic theory of emotion, what do Cannon and Bard say about the physiological arousal?
it is general and non-discriminatory, and is not causal for emotion
20 of 29
According to Cannon and Bard's theory the brain is capable of eliciting emotion without what?
receiving information from the peripheral nervous system
21 of 29
Which part of the brain controls the experience of emotion and which controls the expression of emotion according to the thalamic theory of emotion?
thalamus = experience, cerebral cortex = expression
22 of 29
What did Schachter and Singer 1962 propose as a theory of emotion?
that emotion is determined by an interaction between 2 components: a physiological arousal and a cognition regarding the recognition to the situation triggering this physiological arousal
23 of 29
What do Schachter and Singer highlight as features of physical arousal?
its undifferentiated by nature, diffuse and non-specific to an emotion
24 of 29
What is it that Schachter and Singer suggest leads to the identification of the emotion felt?
the individual's interpretation of the situation
25 of 29
What else do Schachter and Singer say is necessary for emotion to occur?
a link between the physiological arousal and a relevant explanation to the situation
26 of 29
What is this theory by Schachter and Singer called?
two-factor theory of emotion
27 of 29
How did Schachter and Singer test their theory?
had pps receive an injection of a solution that causes palpitations, tremor, and redness of the face, and gave them either correct, incorrect or no information about the effects. Pps then filled out a questionnaire where a confederate pretended to behave
28 of 29
what were Schachter and Singer's findings after their experiment?
pps who didn't know correctly what to expect from the injection experienced feeling of either euphoria or anger matching to the confederate's behavior
29 of 29

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

After Darwin's "on the origin of species", what did he do?

Back

extended his theory of evolution to mental states, and to human emotions

Card 3

Front

What did Darwin assume about emotions?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What was the name of Darwin's 1872 book about emotions?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

In "the expression of emotions in man and animals" what did Darwin suggest?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Emotion resources »