English Language and World Literature

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Authorial Intrusion
When the narrator interrupts the story to give extra information.
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Allusion
Relating or alluding one thing to another
without giving it away.

When a piece of writing tries to hint at a
person, place, thing, literature, or art.
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Parable/Moral
A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.
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Euphemism
An indirect way of saying harsh and impolite things.
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Metaphor
A comparison between two things where one is said to be the other.
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Juxtaposition
Putting two things together to compare and contrast them.
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Alliteration
The same first consonant sound occurring close together in a series.
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Hyperbole
Extreme exaggeration.
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Metonymy
A figure of speech that replaces the name of a thing with the name of something closely related.
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Rhetoric
The art of speaking and writing effectively with the goal of persuading the reader.
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Dramatic Irony
When the audience knows something that the characters don’t.
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Paradox
Two completely opposite things said in the same sentence that actually makes sense.
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Dynamic Character
A character that goes through an inner change
like a change in personality and attitude.
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Didactic
Intended to teach, particularly in having moral instruction as an ulterior motive.
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Religious Imagery
Something that is representational and has a religious purpose, subject or connection.

Often highly emotive.
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Simple Language
Can sometimes indicate extreme emotion.
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Rhyme
Turns the piece musical and aids in memory.
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Personification
Giving a nonhuman, human characteristics and features.
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Simile
A speech that involves a comparison of one thing with another.

Using like or as.
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Full Stop
Short sentences.

Short sentences are clear, quick, angry and tense.
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Comma
Complex and long sentences.

Complex sentences are detailed and may show knowledge and boredom.
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Exclamation
Shows extreme ends of the communication spectrum.

Can be funny or shows anger and shouting.
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Question Mark
Rhetorical questions are used to get the reader to think.
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Colon
Used to introduce something and create a blunt end to a sentence.
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Caesura
A comma cutting a sentence in poems.
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Enjambment
A continuation of one line to another without punctuation.
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Sibilance
The constant use of the letter ‘S’.
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Setting
The place where the story occurs.
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Context
The circumstances and background information that form the understanding of the story. ‘Con’ meaning ‘with’, so with the text.
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Allegory
When an entire story is actually about something else. Kind of like a hidden meaning.
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Phonetic Language
Purposely misspelling words to follow the way people speak.
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Colloquial Language
Writing that reflects natural speech.
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Theocracy
When a place is ruled by religion. Morality and law are not separated.
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Connote
To imply meaning or condition.
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Denote
To define exactly. Could mean the literal definition or might indicate something.
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Foreboding
When you start to worry about something before it has happened.
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Limited Narrator
A narrator that only knows the thoughts and feelings of each character.
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Unreliable Narrator
A narrator who misleads the readers. Authors do this so the audience can come to a conclusion where the narrator’s point of view is not trusted.
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Omniscient Narrator
A third-person narrator where the narrator tends to be the author speaking on the perspective throughout the story.
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First-Person Narrator
A first-person narrator speaks in first person ‘I’, ‘me’ etc.
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Third-Person Narrator
Third-person is using pronouns such as he, she, it or they, etc. It differs from the outsider's point of view.
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Sensory Language
A descriptive writing style that is mainly focused on 5 senses: sight, sound, smell, taste and touch.
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Symbolism
Using a word to represent or giving a hint of the mood or emotion that the author is using.
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Synesthesia
When the author uses 5 senses to describe an object, especially when the senses ‘synthesise’ or match together.
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Proustian
Long, meandering prose on one’s past or a memory (especially an involuntary memory)
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Compound
Sentences that have more than one subject and they’re joined by commas and conjunctions: but, and, so etc.
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Parenthetic Commas
They add auxiliary information to a sentence without changing its meaning.
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Melancholia
Deep sadness and depression.
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Primal
Going back to a primitive and simple way of life.
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Ruminating
To carefully think something over and over again.
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Languid
Displaying or showing disinclination for physical exertion or work.
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Folklore
Traditional beliefs, stories, and stories passed down from generation to generation.
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Disquieting
Causing the feeling of anxiety or worry.
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Torpid
When an animal is mentally or physically inactive or vulnerable.
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Precarious
When something is not safe.
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Formative Years
A time at which a strong influence impacts the rest of your life.
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Limpid
When something is unclouded.
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Moral fortitude
The strength of a character to do moral action in circumstances.
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Marcel Proust (Proustian)
Requires time and demands attentiveness.

The sentences are immense, winding, highly subordinate and take a lot of time to read, analyse, absorb and understand.
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James Joyce (Joycean)
There is a lot of verbal play, usually within the framework of the stream of consciousness.
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Ernest Hemingway
Very simple and natural language that can be understood by anyone.
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Virginia Woolf
Follows the style of Indirect Interior Monologue which means that she never let the characters’ thoughts flow without specific organization and control.
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Karl Ove Knausgaard
Very personal and deliberately criticizes his own character (himself) even when he is at his worst.
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Fyodor Dostoevsky (Dostoevskian)
Elements of gothic fiction, romanticism and satire.

Themes such as suicide, poverty, human manipulation, morality, religion, realism and naturalism are found in his style.
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Stream of Consciousness
A person’s thoughts, feelings, and reactions in a continuous flow.
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Memoir
A biography written from personal knowledge, special sources.
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Languid Prose
Languid = slow and melancholic
Prose = writing that isn’t poetry

Form of language that has no formal measured construction.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Relating or alluding one thing to another
without giving it away.

When a piece of writing tries to hint at a
person, place, thing, literature, or art.

Back

Allusion

Card 3

Front

A simple story used to illustrate a moral or spiritual lesson.

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

An indirect way of saying harsh and impolite things.

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

A comparison between two things where one is said to be the other.

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

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