Forensic Biology - Bioenergetic - Flashcards in University Biology

What are the stages of cellular respiration

Glycolysis; Kreb’s citric acid cycle (TCA cycle); Electron transport chain

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Where does glycolysis occur

cytoplasm

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Where does Kreb's cycle occur

Mintochondria

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Where does electron transfer chain occur

Mitochondria

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What occurs in glycolysis

Glucose ‘split’ into 2 X pyruvate molecules; ATP synthesised; NAD+ reduced to NADH

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What occurs in Kreb's cycle

pyruvate broken down; CO2 produced; ATP synthesised; NAD+ reduced to NADH; FAD reduced to FADH2

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What occurs in electron tranfser chain

NADH & FADH2 oxidised back to NAD & FAD; H2O produced

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Where did the electron tranfser chain get NADH & FADH2 from

NADH from glycolysis and Kreb's cycle; FADH2 from Kreb's cycle;

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Where does pyruvic acid go

Depends on level of oxygen that is present; If oxygen is present in sufficient levels, it then enters the Kreb’s cycle

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What is the final product from the Kreb's cycle

2 ATP - 8 NADH - 2 FADH2

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What happens to electrons in the electron tranfser chain

2e- from redox of NADH/FADH2; 2e- through chain with redox; some energy lost to synthesis ATP

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How many electron is lost from NADH in the electron tranfser chain to synthesis ATP

2e- to form 3 ATP

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How many electron is lost from FADH2 in the electron tranfser chain to synthesis ATP

2e- to form 2 ATP

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What does the structure of a mitochondria contain

ribosome; matrix; dna; outer membrane; atp synthase; inner membrane; cristae; cristal membrane

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Chemiosmotic mechanism of ATP synthesis

H+ pumps use energy from e- transport to pump H+ into the intermembrane space; high H+ conc. on 1 side so H+ diffuses down gradient through ATP synthase

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How to get resipiratory poison

Blocking the electron transfer chain or uncoupling the ATP synthesis off it using some chemicals

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How does cyanide block the electron transfer chain

- bind tightly to Cytochrome a3 (the last electron carrying molecule); Blocking the chain stops the oxidation of NADH

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How does rotenone block the electron transfer chain

blocks electron transport in complex 1

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What are the chemicals that cause respiration poison

cyanide & retenone; TNT & DNP

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How does DNP uncoupling the ATP synthesis from the electron transfer chain

transports H+ across the mitochondrial membrane; dispersing the chemiosmotic gradient; respiration continues but no ATP produced from chain; Disperses the H+ conc. across the thylakoid membrane too – effective pesticide

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What was originally DNP (2,4-di-NitroPhenol) used for

diet pill 1920’s

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What was the side effects of DNP (2,4-di-NitroPhenol)

Yellowing of the skin; Dizziness/weakness; Death

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What is the problem with anaerobic respiration in the Krebs cycle and in the electron transfer chain

Electron transport chain, NO OXYDATION OF NADH or FADH2 which won't go to glycolysis or the krebs cycle

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Number of ATP produced from NADH in respiration

G= 2; K=8; Total=10 Resultant ATP = 30

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Number of ATP produced from FADH2 in respiration

G=0; K=2; Total=2; Resultant ATP = 4

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Number of direct ATP produced in respiration

G=2; K=2; Total=4; Resultant ATP = 4

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Forensic Biology - Bioenergetic

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