forensic investigation - document analysis

?
  • Created by: aarafa11
  • Created on: 25-01-20 20:06
Forensic document analysis involves
Identification of individuals from handwritingIdentification of signatures as genuine or forgeriesDetermination of origin and history of documentsIdentification of counterfeits
1 of 34
how did they write
using hand, foot, mouth
2 of 34
what kind of equiptment did they use
pen, prenicil, lipstick, paint, sp ray
3 of 34
Handwriting Acquisition
kids learn by copying standard design, different style due to countries (national characteristic), different styles at different periods - young is different to seniors
4 of 34
what are the development in handwriting
secondary school, writing is no longer an exercise in itself; it becomes an essential skill. hild’s writing starts to change from the simple taught style. changes can be rapid and wide-ranging but most writing has stabilised by 18.
5 of 34
what are the personal characteristic in handwriting
features which occur consistently in one person’s handwriting, but which are uncommon in the general population. Taken together these features may be unique. BASIS OF IDENTIFICATION
6 of 34
What are the changes in later life for handwriting
much slower. some have not much change until the onset of old age. writer may revert to simple copy-book or block lettering styles as these demand less skill. may be wide day-to-day variation in the writer’s skill
7 of 34
what are the natural variation in hand writing
Observational research has shown that nobody writes in exactly the same way on any two occasions.Slope, size, style and fine details of shape often vary;•Proportion, spacing, structure, direction and order of strokes usually do not vary much
8 of 34
actors Affecting Handwriting
Speed of writing•Size of space available•Permanent/temporary mental/physical impediments•Injury / illness / medication•Alcohol/ drug consumption
9 of 34
how does alcohol/ drug consumption affect handwriting
Decline in legibility•Increase in size & spacing•Increase in errors/omissions/corrections•Decrease in baseline alignment
10 of 34
left vs right hand
-> more right. < - more left. O anti clock more right. O clock more left.
11 of 34
what are the ofrm of disguise
Change of Slope•Change of Style•Change of some letter designs•Use of the unaccustomed hand•Very deliberate writing•Use of a stencil•Copying someone else’s writing
12 of 34
Purpose of Handwriting Analysis
determine authorship( Comparison with control samples). indication of handedness of the writer. indication of what country the writer was taught
13 of 34
Purpose of Handwriting Analysis is NOT TO DETERMINE
Gender of the writer•Character of the writer•Age of the writer
14 of 34
identification principles
based on the premise that no two adults write in exactly the same way. human activity and subject to great variability - partly taught and acquired. examined by direct observation. But its study can be treated scientifically.
15 of 34
what would you use for a physical emainiation of a handwriting
stereoscopic microscope (x7 to x40)
16 of 34
ink line is of great significance
In natural writing: smooth flowing appearance•In writing which is unnatural: rough appearance with blunt endings, breaks, or additional strokes etc.
17 of 34
what is a striation
Ink lines from a ball-point pen often show microscopic striations, which are a reliable indication of the direction of the pen movement
18 of 34
how to show the structure of a handwriting
The microscope will usually reveal the detailed structure of a complex design.•Photocopies do not show such details!
19 of 34
what are the other features of a microscope which can be used to understand handwriting
29Other Microscopic Features•Disturbed paper fibres: evidence of abrasion;•Additions in different inks or other writing media;•Traces of erased entries;•Indentations
20 of 34
sketch and note gross features such as:
slope, spelling mistake, spacing, punctuation habits, position near the pre-printed lines
21 of 34
what are the limitations of forensic document analysis
Copy documents (photocopies, fax, microfiche, etc);•Unsuitable or insufficient specimens;•Very small amounts of handwriting;•Scribbled writing where structure cannot be seen
22 of 34
what is a signiture
legally binding act that seals a contract
23 of 34
how does signatures vary
name vs initials + surname. extra dimension of distinctiveness
24 of 34
methods of Forgery: Traced Simulations
Window Tracing, carbon paper, tracing paper, computer scanner/ photocopiers (results very crude)
25 of 34
methods of Forgery: Freehand Simulations
uses no artificial aids. sighted copy (temptation to slow down - doesn't flow as nicely). memory copy (less accurate)
26 of 34
what to investigate in a old document
Document productionAgeing of inksThe paperIndented impressionsPhysical conditionExamination of alterationsExamination of counterfeits
27 of 34
type of printers
Laser printersInk jet printersPhotocopiers
28 of 34
what is a laser printer
Photosensitive drum sprinkled with negatively charged toner.High quality printing.Drum faults
29 of 34
what is a ink jet printer
Droplets of ink ejected out of tiny nozzles300 droplets per square inchSlightly ragged appearance
30 of 34
what is ink dating techniques
Chromatographic techniques Use of different lighting conditions Spectroscopic techniques Rate of extraction from paper
31 of 34
what to examine in a paper
Comparison of size, thickness, density, colour and finishOptical brightenersMicroscopic examinationWatermarksAdhesives
32 of 34
what is an impression
left when writing is produced on paper that is resting on other sheets of paper. Deep impressions: oblique lighting. Small/fragmentary impressions: natural daylight. Fainter impressions: ESDA (Electrostatic Detection)
33 of 34
what alteration can occur on a document
Erasures by rubbers: disturbs document fibres and can be detected by oblique lighting or brushing with powderChemical erasure: UV or IR lightObliterated entries: detected by separating original entry from obliterating material by exploiting optical
34 of 34

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

how did they write

Back

using hand, foot, mouth

Card 3

Front

what kind of equiptment did they use

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Handwriting Acquisition

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what are the development in handwriting

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Other resources:

See all Other resources »See all document analysis resources »