Gene Structure Lecture 1 0.0 / 5 ? OtherGeneticsUniversityNone Created by: foodscienceCreated on: 14-11-18 17:57 What is a nucleotide A base that is attached to a sugar and a phosphate molecule 1 of 18 What is DNA Complimentary? Adenine always pairs with Thymine and Guanine always pairs with Cytosine 2 of 18 What is DNA Replication? The process by which DNA replicates to make a new daughter DNA molecule 3 of 18 What are the enzymes/proteins involved in DNA Replication? DNA Helicases, single stranded binding proteins, Primase, DNA Polymerase and DNA Ligase 4 of 18 What is a chromosome made up of? Each chromosome is made up of DNA tightly coiled many times around a histone protein 5 of 18 What is a gene? DNA segment carrying the genetic information 6 of 18 What are the four chemical bases of RNA? Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil 7 of 18 What is Transcription? Conversion of DNA to fully mature RNA 8 of 18 What is RNA Spilcing A modification of pre-mRNA transcription in which introns are removed and exons are joined 9 of 18 What are the differences between RNA and DNA? Deoxyribose vs ribose, double vs single, T vs U 10 of 18 What is a codon A sequence of 3 nucleotides which together form a unit of genetic code in a RNA molecule 11 of 18 What is the start Codon? and what amino acid does it code for ? AUG - Start Codon, Methionine 12 of 18 In which part of the cell does translation process take place? Cytoplasm 13 of 18 What is the central dogma of molecular biology? The flow of information from DNA to Proteins 14 of 18 What are the 4 types of structural mutations? Substitution, insertion, deletion and frame shift 15 of 18 How are the mutations classified based on the function of the gene? Lethal, loss of function (null and leaky) and gain of function 16 of 18 What are the applications of microsatellites? DNA Profiling - forensic science, parental testing, food industry 17 of 18 What are the component of protein synthetic machinery? mRNA, tRNA, Ribosomes, amino acids, amino acyl tRNA synthetase 18 of 18
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