Genetics Definitions 4.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? BiologyChapter 4+10International BaccalaureateNone Created by: i3lenaCreated on: 25-03-14 17:07 Gene a heritable factor that controls a specific characteristic 1 of 31 Allele a specific form or a variation of a gene 2 of 31 Genome the complete set of an organism's base sequences 3 of 31 Locus the particular position of a gene on homologous chromosomes 4 of 31 Mutatuon a random, rare change in genetic material 5 of 31 Diploid cell a cell which contains the full chromosome number 6 of 31 Haploid cell a cell with half the number of chromosomes 7 of 31 Homologous chromosomes a pair of chromosomes of the same shape and size that carry the same genes 8 of 31 Nondisjunction a process by which two or more homologous chromosomes stick together instead of seperating 9 of 31 Karyotype a photograph of the chromosomes found in a cell arranged according to a standard format 10 of 31 Genotype the symbolic representation of a pair of alleles possessed by an organism 11 of 31 Phenotype the characteristics or traits of an organism 12 of 31 Dominant allele an allele that has the same effect on the phenotype whether it is paired with the same allele or a different one 13 of 31 Recessive allele an allele that has an effect on the phenotype only when present in the homozygous state 14 of 31 Co-dominant alleles pairs of alleles that both affect the phenotype when present in a heterozygote 15 of 31 Homozygous having two identical alleles of a gene 16 of 31 Heterozygous having two different alleles of a gene 17 of 31 Carrier an individual who has a recessive allele of a gene that does not have an effect on their phenotype 18 of 31 Test cross the testing of a suspected heterozygote plant or animal by crossing it with a known homozygous recessive 19 of 31 Sex linkage any genetic trait whose allele has its locus on the X or the Y chromosome 20 of 31 Law of Independent Assortment When gametes are formed, the separation of one pair of alleles between the daughter cells is independent of the separation of another pair of alleles. 21 of 31 Chiasma(ta) the place(s) where two homologous chromosomes connect to each other before crossing over 22 of 31 Linkage group a group of genes inherited together because they are found on the same chromosome 23 of 31 Polygenic inheritance when two or more genes influence the expression of one trait 24 of 31 Continuous variation when an array of possible phenotypes can be produced 25 of 31 Gene transfer the technique of taking a gene out of one organism and placing it in another organism 26 of 31 Endonuclease(s) restriction enzyme(s) that recognize a specific sequence of base pairs along the DNA molecule and cut it 27 of 31 Clone a group of genetically identical organisms or a group of cells artificially derived from a single parent 28 of 31 Reproductive cloning the cloning of an entire individual 29 of 31 Therapeutic cloning the cloning of a cell or a group of cells 30 of 31 Stem cell research the branch of lab work which investigates therapeutic cloning 31 of 31
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