Geography - Hard engineering

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what's the purpose of a damn?
dam traps water, which builds up behind it, forming a reservoir. Water can be released in a controlled way.
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advantages?
can be used to generate electricity by passing water through a turbine, attracts tourists
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disadvantages? (4 disadvantages)
expensive, floods habitats leading to rotten vegetation which releases methane (greenhouse gas), dams trap sediment so the revonoir is not able to hold as much water as it could if the sediments pass through it, homes are lost - people forced to move
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what does dredging do to the river?
makes it deeper so it can hold more water
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advantages?
channel can hold more water, reduced flood risk
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disadvantages?
needs to be done frequently, , increase water speed which increases flood risk downstream
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how does Embankments reduce flood risk?
makes banks higher so channel can hold more water
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advantages?
cheap, reduces flood risk
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disadvantages?
looks unnatural, increase water speed which increases flood risk downstream
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what do Flood relief channels do?
flood water flows into relief channel and is taken somewhere it can be absorbed/back into the river further downstream
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advantage?
Removes excess water from the river channel to reduce flooding
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disadvantages?
expensive, if water level rises then relief may also flood
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advantages of flood warning?
gives preparation/evacuation time, people can protect property + prevent damage - fewer insurance claims, may save lives
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disadvantages:
some may not be able to access warning, flood may be too quick for warning to be effective, they don't prevent flood
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how does Widening and deepening the river channel lower flood risk?
channel holds more water
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what's effective about removing low bridges and replacing them with wider bridges?
more water can freely flow beneath bridge - brigden wouldn't act like a dam
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how does raising the car park and using a permeable surface effect flooding risk?
highers cars so less likely to get damages by flood, permeable surface can absorb water and reduce flood risk
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how can Tree management prevent floods?
removing dead trees avoids them being swept away, blocking under bridges + planting new trees increases interception which reduced surface run off which decreases flood risk
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

advantages?

Back

can be used to generate electricity by passing water through a turbine, attracts tourists

Card 3

Front

disadvantages? (4 disadvantages)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what does dredging do to the river?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

advantages?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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