Geography Chapter 15

Rock structure

It's properties and appereance

1 of 24

Rock resistance

strength of the rock

2 of 24

porous/porosity

rock that consists of tiny pores through which water can pass through

3 of 24

Freeze-thaw

on a warm day when water enters the cracks of a rock and freezes on a colder day causing an increased pressure exertion on the rock. When temperatures rises, the ice melts and pressure is released this widens the cracks of the rock and causes pieces

4 of 24

Exfoliation

happens in warm climates when rocks is repeatedly heated and cooled. This creates an onion effect where the surface layers peel off.

5 of 24

Limestone solution/Carbonation

caused by carbonic acid in natural rainwater, reacts chemically with limestone rocks, the limestone slowly dissolves and it is removed in solution by running water.

6 of 24

Soil creep

slowest of downhill movements, occurring on very gentle and well-vegetated slopes

7 of 24

Mudlows

rapid movements most likely to occur on steep slopes without warning

8 of 24

Landslides

noticeable movement of material

9 of 24

Escarpment

A long, more or less continuous cliff or relatively steep slope facing in one direction.

10 of 24

Soil profile

Top layer of the soil

11 of 24

Soil horizons

the different layers of the soil A, B and C horizons

12 of 24

Parent rock

underlying rock weathered to give a layer of loose, broken material

13 of 24

Desertification

process of land degradation where land turns into a desert from severe drought

14 of 24

Formation, characteristics, examples, uses of igneous rocks

Formation: from volcanic activity, consist of christals, eg. granite and basalt

15 of 24

Formation, characteristics, examples, uses of Sedimentary rocks

eg. limestone, sandstone, coal consist of small particles that have been eroded

16 of 24

Formation, characteristics, examples, uses of Metaphoric rocks

marble altered by extremes of pressure or heat eg. limestone changed into

17 of 24

Causes and effects of mass movement

soil creep, mudlows

18 of 24

Advantages and problems of mining and quarrying in areas like National Parks

Advantages: provides jobs, improved local roads for extra traffic, can create local processing industries. Problems: loss of wildlife, air pollution, noise, loss of farmland

19 of 24

Causes and effects or desertification

unreliable rainfall, fragile environment, overgrazing, farming on average land, destruction of plants

20 of 24

How are soils formed?

The parent rock get repositioned by water, wind, ice or volcanic activity, addition of water,gases, living organisms and decayed organic matter causes the formation of soil

21 of 24

Chemical weathering

decomposition of rocks caused by a chemical change change within the rock eg. limestone solution

22 of 24

Physical weathering

breaking down of rocks, soils and minerals as well as artificial materials in contact with the Earths atmosphere and waters. eg. freeze-thaw or frost shattering

23 of 24

Biological weathering

Activity of living organisms. eg. growth of roots

24 of 24

Get Revising

Geography Chapter 15

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Back

Card 3

Front

Back

Card 4

Front

Back

Card 5

Front

Back

Comments

Similar Geography resources: