Actives AMPK: decreases gluconeogenesis, increases b-oxidation of fatty acids, increase GLUT4 in myocytes, low LDL
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What are the side effects go biguanides?
Diarrhoea, lactic acidosis, B12 deficiency
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What is the MOA of sulfonylureas?
Acts like ATP by binding to binding site on potassium channel, increased depolarisation in beta cell of pancreas = opens voltage-dependent calcium channel to allow insulin out of beta cells
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Give 2 examples of sulfonylureas
Glibenclamide and Gliclazide
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Name 3 risks of using sulfonylureas
May cause hypoglycaemia as insulin is released, excreted really attached to albumin (proteinuria), obese patients may suffer polyphasic (hunger)
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What is the MOA of Glitazones
Binds to PPAR-y forming a transcription factor to increase GLUT4, increase fatty acid uptake and increase lipolysis
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What is the net effect go pioglitazone
To increase sensitivity to insulin
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What are the ADRs of glitazones?
Fluid retention, increased risk of pancreatic cancer and not suitable for pregnant mothers
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What is the MOA of Gliptins?
Gliptins inhibit DPP-4 inhibitors which inhibit actions of incretins such as GLP-1. Incretins released from small intestines are no longer inhibited and can potentiate the release of insulin from b-cells and suppress a-cells of pancreas.
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Give 2 examples of gliptins
Saxagliptin and sitagliptin
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What are the 5 different types of insulin given?
Short-actin, intermediate-acting, long-acting, pre-mixed and rapid-acting
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