Halogenoalkanes 5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? ChemistryFunctional GroupsASAQA Created by: izzybook25Created on: 01-05-18 20:48 What is the formula of halogenoalkanes? CnH2n+1X 1 of 30 What halogens make halogenoalkanes? Fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide 2 of 30 How is a polar bond created in halogenoalkanes? Halogens are more electronegative than carbon 3 of 30 Why do halogenoalkanes have higher melting points than alkanes? Higher melting points than alkanes due to high molecular mass and polar bonds 4 of 30 Why are halogenoalkanes reactive? Partial positive charges in polar bond are attacked by nucleophiles 5 of 30 What conditions are needed for nucleophilic substitution with hydroxide? Warm and ethanolic 6 of 30 What is formed during nucleophilic substitution with hydroxide? An alcohol 7 of 30 What is this reaction called? Hydrolysis 8 of 30 What conditions are needed for nucleophilic substitution with cyanide? Warm and ethanolic 9 of 30 What is formed during nucleophilic substitution with cyanide? Nitrile and halogen 10 of 30 What conditions are needed for nucleophilic substitution with excess ammonia? Sealed, ethanolic and under high pressure 11 of 30 What is formed during nucleophilic substitution with excess ammonia? Amine, ammonium and halogen 12 of 30 What are the main features of a nucleophile? Negatively charged and has a lone pair of electrons 13 of 30 What do curly arrows represent in mechanisms? Movement of electrons 14 of 30 What happens during elimination reactions? Hydroxide act as a base to remove H+ ion to form an alkene 15 of 30 What conditions are needed for an elimination reaction? Hydroxide dissolved in ethanol and hot 16 of 30 How can we show an alkene has been formed? Adding bromine water which will be decolourised 17 of 30 What is produced from an elimination reaction? Alkene, water and halogen 18 of 30 What are primary halogenoalkanes? Halogen is at the end of the chain 19 of 30 What are secondary halogenoalkanes? Halogen is in the body of the chain 20 of 30 What are tertiary halogenoalkanes? Halogen is in the branch of the chain 21 of 30 What are chlorofluorocarbons? Short chains used for fridges and aerosols, long chains used as cleaning agents 22 of 30 Why are chlorofluorocarbons bad for the environment? They decompose in the atmosphere and form chlorine free radicals which breakdown the ozone layer 23 of 30 What are the 3 stages of free radical substitution? Initiation, propagation and termination 24 of 30 What happens during initiation? UV light breaks bond homolytically to create 2 free radicals 25 of 30 What happens during propagation? Radicals react with alkane to form other free radicals - this creates chain reaction 26 of 30 What happens during termination? 2 free radicals react to form a stable compound, therefore ending chain reaction 27 of 30 How is the ozone layer broken down? Chlorine free radical acts as a catalyst to breakdown O3 to O2 28 of 30 What is hydrogen halide addition? Polar bond between hydrogen halide attacks electron dense area in an alkene to form a carbocation which then forms an alkane 29 of 30 How is a polar bond created on a halogen for addition? Double bond from alkene induces a dipole 30 of 30
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