A group of singers with several performers per part. This set work is an example of this.
Chorus
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A bass instrument playing a solo bass line AND a chordal instrument (harpsichord/organ NOT piano) playing chords
Basso Continuo
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3 beats in a bar (often used for lively pieces)
Triple metre
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The overall mood of a piece, mainly stays the same in Baroque pieces
Affection
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2 chords that mark the end of a phrase or section.
Cadence
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Chords V-1
Perfect cadence
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Chords IV-1
Plagal cadence
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Changing the rhythmic feel from 2 groups of 3 to 3 groups of 2. Often used when approaching the end of a phrase. Occurs at the end of the orchestra introduction.
Hemiola
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When an instrument or instruments play the same thing as the voice.
Doubling
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A single melodic line
Monophonic
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All parts moving together singing in harmony. Melody and accompaniment. Featured at cadence points.
Homophonic
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A musical texture featuring 2 or more melodic lines. Heard a lot throughout the piece.
Polyphonic
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Heard in Baroque music. Going from loud to soft with little variation between the two. Lots of people playing = loud, few people playing = quiet.
Terraced dynamics
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A musical device when an idea is presented and then immediately imitated/copied in another part. It can be an exact copy or can be changed slightly.
Imitation/imitative
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Moving from one key to another key. In this piece it moves to the dominant and the dominant of the dominant.
Modulating
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The same as polyphonic, 2 or more different melodies being sung simultaneously.
Counterpoint
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An idea repeated but moved up or down in pitch
Sequence
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A low pitched note that is sustained or continuously played beneath changing harmonies.
Pedal
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The same as a pedal but played high in pitch
Inverted pedal
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The words/text of a musical work
Libretto
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A solo sung piece reflecting on a mood or emotion. Used in Oratorios
Aria
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The main idea is to narrate through singing the story. Used in Oratorios.
Recitative.
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The first note of the key, for example, in the key of A, A is this.
Tonic
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The fifth note of the key, for example, in the key of A, E is this.
Dominant
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A tempo marking that means lively or cheerful. It is a fast tempo
Allegro
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Singing one note per syllable, heard in the first main theme
Syllabic
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Singing more than one note per syllable, heard in the second main theme
Melismatic
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The distance from one note to another, for example, theme 3 has three statements of a descending fourth
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