History: Rebecca Rioters

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Why were the Rebecca Rioters an unusual kind of protest?
The motives were mixed.
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Who were the Rebecca Rioters?
Welsh Farmers.
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What were the Rebecca Rioters four motives for protest?
Economic reasons (they were poor), Political reasons (they wanted more rights), Social reasons (they resented the person who owned the gate) and even Religious reasons.
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Explain the factor: tithes to why Rebecca rioters attacked toll gates
Tithes went to the Church of England, but most Welsh Farmers were Welsh-speaking Methodists or Baptists. After 1939 these tithes had to be paid in cash, not farm produce.
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Explain the factor: wages to why Rebecca rioters attacked toll gates
Farmers usually employed two labourers at 25 pounds each per year. Landless labourers were even poorer.
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Explain the factor: rates to why Rebecca rioters attacked toll gates
These rates included the new Poor Rate after 1834, which was used to build the new workhouse in the nearby town of Carmarthen
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Explain the factor: tolls to why Rebecca rioters attacked toll gates before 1929
Main roads had been taken over which collected money to spend on improving the roads by placing tollgates on them.Farmers had to pass through them to get their produce to market&needed lime to improve their soil&had to pay tolls on each cartload.
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Explain the factor: tolls to why Rebecca rioters attacked toll gates in 1929
In 1929, a new man, an Englishman, took over the turnpike trust and added four more toll gates and put up the tolls charged at each gate.
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Explain the factor: rent to why Rebecca rioters attacked toll gates
Most Welsh farmers rented their land from landowners, most of whom were english.
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Explain the factor: poverty to why Rebecca rioters attacked toll gates
Farmers in west Wales were poor. Farms were small - about 20 hectares - and income might have been 180 a year. Typical expenditure was rent - 30, tithes - 9, wages - 50, rates 2, tolls 9 = 130
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Talk about what happened one night in 1839. What happened after?
Some farmers broke down one of the tollgates. It was re-built, and they smashed it again.
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What were the punishment for attack on property? e.g. tollgates, why?
Transportation or hanging, because it was seen as a serious crime.
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Why did the Rebecca Rioters dress as women and call themselves the 'daughters of Rebecca'?
To protect themselves from identification - because the punishment was so harsh.
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Where did the Rebecca Rioters get their name from?
A verse in the Bible
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How did the situation in the West get worse?(2)
Harvest were bad and prices from farm produce were low.
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Talk about in 1943 - who the Rebecca Rioters turned their targets to?(3)
Farmers who had more than one farm, Fathers who deserted their families and anyone who the local people disapproved of.
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Complete the sentence: The Rebecca Rioters were becoming the _______ of community _______.
The Rebecca Rioters were becoming the enforcers of the community feelings.
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Why did the 'daughters of Rebecca' rule West Wales for a little while?
Because the magistrates could do nothing and Juries were afraid to convict the accused.
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How did the government react to the Rebecca Rioters?
They sent 1,800 soldiers who managed to prevent threats. Seventy of the new metropolitan police were sent and were received with less hostility than the soldiers.
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What were Rebecca Rioters seen as by the government?
A lawless mob - attacking property.
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What did the lesson of the Rebecca Rioters hastened the move of?
Setting up county-based police forces.
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Did the governments deterrent halt the rioters?
No - from November 1942 to late 1843, more than 250 tollgates were destroyed in west Wales, most of them several times and the houses that went with them.
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How did the locals help the Rebecca Rioters?
They knew the land and spread false rumours - sending the soldiers miles away in the wrong direction.
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What did a reporter for The Times, Thomas Campbell Foster write about the army? How did Colonel love respond?
That the army had become a laughing stock. Love soon had a keen grasp of the situation and the injustices of the turnpike trusts.
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When did public support for the Rebecca rioters start fading away? What happened to the rioters?
When an elderly tollgate keeper was killed. Seven of the rioters - including one of the leaders Jac Ty-Isha - were caputured and sentenced to twenty years of transporation.
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Who was the Prime Minister? What did he finally agree to do?
Sir Robert Peel agreed to listen to the farmers' grievances. The tolls and tithes were reduced.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Who were the Rebecca Rioters?

Back

Welsh Farmers.

Card 3

Front

What were the Rebecca Rioters four motives for protest?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Explain the factor: tithes to why Rebecca rioters attacked toll gates

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Explain the factor: wages to why Rebecca rioters attacked toll gates

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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