History SHP - Public Health Key People and Dates

Start of the fall of the Roman Epire

476 AD - Leads to Regression in public health (The Dark Ages)

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The Black Death

Hits Britain in 1348, 50% of the population die

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The Great Plague

Occurs in 1665. 100 000 die

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The Great Fire of London

Occurs in 1666, wipes out a lot of the Plague

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Cholera strikes Egland

1831

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The Poor Law Amendment Act

1834 - The existing Poor Law is examined and changed due to pressures from Industrialisation

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Municipal Corporations Act

1835 - Town Councils can now be elected to collect taxes and improve the public health of their area

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Typhoid Epidemics

1837-8

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Edwin Chadwick

Produces report of the "Sanitary Conditions of the Laboring Poor" in 1842

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Health of Towns Association

Formed in 1844. Issued leaflets and lobbied parliament to improve sanitary conditions

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Huge Cholera Epidemic of 1848

70 000 die. This leads to...

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The Public Health Act

1848 - This act was largely the result of Chadwick's work and the pressure applied by the health of towns association. It allowed smaller towns to implement changes to sanitation but was limited in its overall scope

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John Snow

Proves cholera enters the mouth during the Soho Cholera Epidemics in 1854. He used maps of the area, as well as famously removing the water pump handle, to demonstrate the disease is water borne

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The Great Stink

1858 - The hot weather caused the filth and waste of the Thames to ferment. The House of Commons got hit bad by the smell, and tried to cover it up using chloride of lime on the curtains

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Michael Faraday

“Observation on the Filth of the Thames” helped encourage parliament to pass the law to refurbish the Thames

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Sir Joseph Bazalgette

Designed the new sewer system and river embankments for the Thames, much of which still exists today

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Florence Nightingale

Studies in Europe from 1849 to 1854, when she became head of a hospital in Crimea for the war there. Published "Notes on Nursing" in 1860, and opened 'Nightingale's Training School For Nurses in St. Thomas' Hospital the same year

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Second Reform Act

1867 - Working Class men were given the vote. This increased pressure on parliament to improve conditions for ordinary people

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Royal Sanitary Commission

Resulted in the Local Government Board Act (1869) which placed responsibility for Public Health on a local authority.

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2nd Public Health Act

1875 - Made local authorities responsible for lighting, water supply, sewage disposal, parks, toilets and housing

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Artisans and Labour Dwellings Act

1875 Gave local authorities the power to demolish areas of housing with inadequate drainage or sewage disposal facilities. There was no compulsion to do this though

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Charles Booth (Philanthropist)

Between 1889 and 1903 he produced "Inquiry into the Life and Labour of the People of London" which proved 85% of poverty was caused by unemployment or low wages. Linked poverty to ill health

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Octavia Hill

Founded the National Trust in 1895 and helped regeneration of the poorer London areas

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Seebohm Rowntree (Philanthropist)

Inspired by Booth, he produced "Poverty: A Study of Town Life" that seperated poverty into PRIMARY and SECONDARY according to wages, hours, healthcare and housing

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Liberal Social Reforms

1906-12 (look in more detail)

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People's Budget

1908 - Heavy taxes on the rich to support Liberal Social Reforms

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Parliament Act

1911 - Substantially reduced the power of the House of Lords

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David Lloyd George

Became Prime Minister of the Liberal-Conservative government in 1816. Resigned in 1922

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Ministry of Health

Set up in 1919 to look after Children's Welfare, sanitation, health and disease, and the training of doctors, nurses, dentists and midwives.

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The Global Economic Depression

Hit in the 1930s due to the resource drainage of WW1. Progress of the Housing Act (1930) slowed down, unemployment rose to 22%

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World War Two

Social distinctions broke down and health issues nationwide became more apparent. The Emergency Medical Service (1940) was very successful, but was only temporary. People wanted a permanent Health Service

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Sir William Beveridge

Produced the Beveridge Report in 1842 at the request of the Minister of Labour to look into existing social security schemes. Recommended the government to fight the ‘Poverty Giants’ of WANT, DISEASE, IGNORANCE, SQUALOR and IDLENESS by taxation

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Nye Bevan

Appointed Minister of Health when Labour wins the general election in 1945. Uses the Beveridge Report as the basis of the Welfare Acts. Resigned in 1951 because of prescription fees on optics and dentistry

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Welfare State Acts

1944-48 (look in more detail)

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The National Health Service Act

5th July 1948 - Free health diagnostics and treatment for all

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Sex Discrimination Act

1875 - All jobs must have equal opportunities for men and women

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History SHP - Public Health Key People and Dates

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