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6. Water in the saturated zone beneath the land surface (in soils and bedrock) which is temporally variable is:

  • Interception
  • River
  • Groundwater
  • SoilWater

7. Gaining streams:

  • Have a high water table
  • All of the above
  • Have a shallow unsaturated zone
  • Groundwater feeds river

8. When precipitation>infilitration (typical of dry areas, frozen grounds, compacted groups [footpaths]) this is known as:

  • Infilitration excess
  • Saturation excess

9. Saturation excess occurs when...

  • Infiltration>Pore space
  • Precipitation>Infiltration

10. Which is the slowest?

  • Flow through pipes
  • Matrix flow
  • Flow through macropores

11. Streams continuously exchange water, nutrients, organic matter, and organisms with underlying groundwater

  • True
  • False

12. The hyporheic zone is..

  • Home to higher biodiversity
  • All of above
  • A and C
  • Where Groundwater and channel water mix
  • Heterogeneous

13. If you put a well into the hyporheic zone and the height of water is greater than outside the well...

  • not upwelling. Streamwater is seeping into sediments.
  • A and C
  • Groundwater is upwelling into stream
  • The streamwater is gaining
  • All of above

14. Stream discharge is the...

  • The rate at which water moves from the source of the river to the mouth of the river
  • Rate at which a volume of water passes through a cross sectional area per unit time
  • Rate at which sediment is entrained per unit time

15. The velocity area method to measure river flow is Q= A(cross-sectional area) x v (average velocity)

  • True
  • False

16. If the mean stream velocity is at 0.6x depth, and the depth of a channel is 0.7m, what distance is the mean velocity from the surface?

  • 0.42m
  • 0.35m
  • 1m
  • 4.1m
  • 0.5

17. Q= (w1xd1xv1) + (w2xd2xv2) +... (channels don't have rectangular shape)

  • True
  • False

18. A V-notch weir is used widely to measure discharge from large streams

  • False
  • True

19. For a V-notch weir... Q (river discharge)=1.342xH(eight of water behind notch)^2.48

  • True
  • False

20. What does the H in the v-notch weir equation stand for

  • Height of water behind notch
  • Helicoidal flow
  • Velocity of stream
  • River discharge
  • Wetted perimeter