Knowledge and skills on a culture puts you further up in a group
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What is symbolic capital?
Conversion - the ability to transform one capital into the other
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When and how and the first ideas of race constructed?
In the 18th century through taxonomy - "Races of Men" by Knox becomes a taxonomy of men and creates a hierarchy of races because it was a type when scientists were trying to explain plants and animals so was natural to do the same with humans
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What was raced used in the Western world to justify?
Colonisation as white men were perceived to be higher up than black men so it justified slavery and anti-Semitism
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What do Knox's ideas lead to?
Nazi concentration camps which divides people into a hierarchy to decide who to eliminate, but the division of categories does not make sense
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What was race divided into during the Apartheid?
Whites, Bantu and Coloured
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What is the difficultly of the division of these races?
In these categories, those who are placed together don't see themselves as the same e.g. Xhosa and Zulu and African Black and Dutch settlers calling themselves African
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What is gender?
The activity of managing situated conduct in the light of normative conceptions of attitudes and activities appropriate for one’s sex category. It is an accomplishment, an achieved property of situated conduct.
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What did West & Fenstermaker suggest about gender?
That gender is shaped by our culture and someone with feminine qualities will not do what 'men' do because it is not in their nature
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What is the problem with ranking oppression?
It comes from a position of power so you are being acknowledging the specificity of the oppression
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What has taxonomy developed into today?
Social categories as social construction as we see the categories and start to reproduce them which makes them real
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What does our class status lead to?
Conditions that people believe they are rightfully entitled to because of their social situation
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What are value expectations?
Goods and conditions people believe they are rightfully entitled to
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What are value capabilities?
Those goods and conditions people believe that they are capable of getting and keeping
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What is physical violence?
Deliberate action that impairs the victim’s physical integrity and also the mental harms of threat to commit such acts, or coercion to force another to engage in such acts. This also includes social violence
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What is structural violence?
Social institutions or social structures cause harm. Often this is a result of uneven distribution of resources or unequal access to services. Systemic exclusions are examples of structural violence.
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What is symbolic violence?
Unnoticed, perhaps even unconscious domination that is maintained through everyday habits, especially discourse. This is often not recognised as violence. Gender domination or racism
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