Infectious microorganisms exist in reservoirs
Transmitted via direct contact or indirectly by vectors
After deposit in respective environment- microorganism stabilises adherence to the tissue through specific surface receptors
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What happens in invasion?
Infectious agent can invade surrounding tissues/ other sites
Developed mechanisms to penetrate tissues and avoid host's non-specific and specific defences
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What happens in multiplication?
Warm, nutrient filled host environment
Undergo rapid multiplication
Replicate within infected cells (viral pathogens)
Replicate in macrophages & other cells (bacterial pathogens)
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Spread
Highly invasive infections may enter lymphatics, blood, internal organs
Successful spread relies on virulence factors
adhesion molecules, toxins & protection against host’s
inflammatory and immune system
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What happens if the host has an intact immune system?
microorganism remains localized
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What happens if the host's immune or inflammatory system is compromised?
infection may rapidly spread
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Symbiosis
benefits human & not harm the microorganism
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MUTUALISM
benefits human & microorganism
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COMMENSALISM
benefits microorganism & not harm the human
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PATHOGENICITY
benefits microorganism & harms the human
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OPPORTUNISM
a benign microorganism becomes pathogenic
because of decreased human host resistance
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What is a microorganism?
Any organism too small to be seen by the naked eye
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What is a pathogen?
Microorganisms that cause disease
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What is infection?
The presence of microorganisms causing damage to body tissues
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What are the 4 stages? (From the POV of the infected individual)
1. Incubation period
2. Prodromal stage
3. Invasion period
4.Convalescence
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What are the classes of Infectious Microorganisms?
The interval between exposure to an infectious agent and the appearance of
the first symptoms
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What is the prodromal stage?
The appearance of initial symptoms which are often mild including feeling of
discomfort and tiredness
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What is the invasion period?
The pathogen is multiplying rapidly, invading further, affecting tissues at site
of initial colonization & other areas
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What is the convalescence period?
Individual’s immune & inflammatory systems have
in general successfully
removed infectious agent
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
Infectious microorganisms exist in reservoirs
Transmitted via direct contact or indirectly by vectors
After deposit in respective environment- microorganism stabilises adherence to the tissue through specific surface receptors
Back
What happens in colonization?
Card 3
Front
Infectious agent can invade surrounding tissues/ other sites
Developed mechanisms to penetrate tissues and avoid host's non-specific and specific defences
Back
Card 4
Front
Warm, nutrient filled host environment
Undergo rapid multiplication
Replicate within infected cells (viral pathogens)
Replicate in macrophages & other cells (bacterial pathogens)
Back
Card 5
Front
Highly invasive infections may enter lymphatics, blood, internal organs
Successful spread relies on virulence factors
adhesion molecules, toxins & protection against host’s
inflammatory and immune system
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