Interactionism and Labelling Theory
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- Created by: FatCat3
- Created on: 11-10-22 19:20
what is the social construction of crime?
when others label a behaviour as deviant or criminal, and so the society reaction makes the act deviant not the act itself
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who argues social groups create deviance and how?
Becker- when rules are created, they are applied to ppl and labelling occurs when ppl/ outsiders don't follow those rules
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what are moral entrepreneurs and what 2 effects does it have?
.ppl who lead a moral crusade to change law
.created of a new group of outsiders
.creation of a social control agency ie police too enforce law
.created of a new group of outsiders
.creation of a social control agency ie police too enforce law
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who argues juvenile delinquency is created through moral entrepreneurs and how?
why are the delinquents a diff category of offenders?
why are the delinquents a diff category of offenders?
platt, created why upper class victorian M.E who wanted to protect youth at risk
they are status offenders cuz their behaviour and offences change due to age ie truancy to sexual promiscuity
they are status offenders cuz their behaviour and offences change due to age ie truancy to sexual promiscuity
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what are social control agencies in crime an deviance?
police, media, public reaction, education system, state, etc
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who argues that social control agencies may change laws for their benefit, give an example?
Becker, ie US FB of narcotics passed marijuana cuz tax act in 1937 benefits them and allows further influence from them
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what can labelling depend on in C+D?
what do studies show?
what do studies show?
-interactions with agencies of social control
-appearance, background of person
-situation of offence ie defended kill
-that agencies of social control are more likely to label specific ppl
-appearance, background of person
-situation of offence ie defended kill
-that agencies of social control are more likely to label specific ppl
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which sociologists found some research on the police?
Piliavin and Briar found police decisions to arrest youth focused on physical cues one manner and dress sense or gender, class and ethnicity
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which sociologist came up with negotiation of justice and what does it explore?
officers arrests influenced by stereotypes
cicourel found officers have typifications ie POs had the common sense theory, that juvenile delinquents come from broken home, poverty, etc where as a MC children wild be negotiated and-
cicourel found officers have typifications ie POs had the common sense theory, that juvenile delinquents come from broken home, poverty, etc where as a MC children wild be negotiated and-
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continuing w previous card
-counselled, warmed, etc
thus leads to increase of arrests of one group and decrease of arrests in the opposite group
thus leads to increase of arrests of one group and decrease of arrests in the opposite group
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what do interactionists think of official statistics?
why is this?
why is this?
a social construct so they focus on face to face interactions
cuz the official statistics are made by the control agents as they have that power and control
cuz the official statistics are made by the control agents as they have that power and control
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what is the dark figure of crime?
what is alternative statistics?
what is alternative statistics?
the idea there is prolly more crime as loads of crime goes unreported
.using victim surveys to get accurate view of c (-ppl can forget, exaggerate c)
.using victim surveys to get accurate view of c (-ppl can forget, exaggerate c)
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*the effects of labelling what are the two types of deviance and whoa argued the first type?
primary deviance- lemert, this is what hasn't been publicly labelled and is referred to as 'a moment of madness' as it has less significance for an individuals self concept
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what is the master status?
secondary deviance is a result of labelling the act form ie societal reaction. getting caught and being labelled can involve being humiliated, stigmatised, etc so the person is only seen as that label (master status controls identify)
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how does this label result to acting out the deviant behaviour further?
what does this lead to?
what does this lead to?
criminals accept label+sfp, this causes them to act secondary deviance
.deviant career- as society reinforces outsider status, it makes them continue their D, ie criminal related, tries to get job but fails as they still have-
.deviant career- as society reinforces outsider status, it makes them continue their D, ie criminal related, tries to get job but fails as they still have-
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continuing w previous card
-that label, so get a deviant career to get opportunities, rewards which confirms D identity
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who did a study on hippy marijuana users and what did they find?
Young, study: at notting hill, their would be ppl who lived a hippy lifestyle, did drugs, and they were labelled by control culture making them outsiders
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what do lemert and young argue?
its not the act rather societal reaction that creates D
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what is the deviance amplification spiral? who studied this and what did they find?
process which attempts to control d leads to higher d and it becomes a spiral
Cohen found when non criminal bikers went to English seaside resorts, the residents and media started talking about them and so they stood up-
Cohen found when non criminal bikers went to English seaside resorts, the residents and media started talking about them and so they stood up-
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continuing w previous card
-and so they did graffiti, this confirmed the media and publics opinions on them which made them deviant/criminals or 'folk devils'
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give support for the idea that high control has the opposite effect
De Hazan found in holland there was a similar effect
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what is reintegrative shaming and who came up with it?
Braithwaite says there's 2 types of shaming:
disintegrative shaming- C+D labelled as bad and offender excluded from society
reintegrative society- labels that act not actor which avoids stigmatising
disintegrative shaming- C+D labelled as bad and offender excluded from society
reintegrative society- labels that act not actor which avoids stigmatising
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which sociologist believes that suicide is socially constructed and why?
Douglas- death may be labelled as a suicide when in reality it might be a murder, accident, etc but social agencies cover it up to protect the upper class of agencies of control
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what study under mental illness supports the idea of labelling and which sociologist studied this?
Rosenhan- 'pseudo-patient exp', some researchers were admitted to diff hospitals claiming they could 'hear voices' and psychiatrists diagnosed them as schizophrenic, despite acting normal for the rest of their stay, some researchers stayed for 6 months
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which study under institutionalisation supports labelling and which sociologist studied this?
Goffman- 'asylums', when admitted to an asylum, inmate has their old self symbolically killed and is replaced w new one 'replaced' and snuggle to adapt to society again, showing how all institutions are the same ie prisons, boarding school, hospital
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name the evaluations of this
+attempts to understand how an individual can be labelled before act/ understand why there is a dark figure of crime
+giving opportunities through ie rehab/reforming
+explains process labelling and how individuals-
+giving opportunities through ie rehab/reforming
+explains process labelling and how individuals-
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continuing w previous card
-act our label through SFP
+can be applied to areas of society, ie how media makes it worse or mental health and need to improve this
-deterministic, once labelled, its inevitable
+can be applied to areas of society, ie how media makes it worse or mental health and need to improve this
-deterministic, once labelled, its inevitable
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continuing w previous card
-realists argue offenders given victim status which neglects real victims
-focuses on less serious crimes ie drug taking
-individuals can actively chose to do C+D
-implies tho havent veen labelled but commit C aren't D
-focuses on less serious crimes ie drug taking
-individuals can actively chose to do C+D
-implies tho havent veen labelled but commit C aren't D
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
who argues social groups create deviance and how?
Back
Becker- when rules are created, they are applied to ppl and labelling occurs when ppl/ outsiders don't follow those rules
Card 3
Front
what are moral entrepreneurs and what 2 effects does it have?
Back

Card 4
Front
who argues juvenile delinquency is created through moral entrepreneurs and how?
why are the delinquents a diff category of offenders?
why are the delinquents a diff category of offenders?
Back

Card 5
Front
what are social control agencies in crime an deviance?
Back

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