Enzyme catalytic activity and enzyme concentration
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Control of catalytic activity can be brought about by what?
Molecules that bind non-covalently to an enzyme and covalent modification of an enzyme
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Control of concentration involves changes in what?
Protein biosynthesis (make less enzymes) and protein breakdown (break down more enzymes)
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What is the most important type of covalent modification of enzymes?
Phosphorylation- the addition of a phosphate group
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What does phosphorylation do to an enzyme?
Makes it more negative as the P has a negative charge, the change in charge alters the amino acid interactions so changes the structure and changes the activity
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What is the enzyme that adds the phosphate group called?
Kinase
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What is the name of the enzyme that adds a phosphate to a protein?
Protein kinase
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What is the name of the enzyme that removes the phosphate group from an enzyme?
Protein phosphatase (reaction: hydrolysis)
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Where does phosphorylation mainly occur?
On amino acids with hydroxyl groups
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Which amino acids have a hydroxyl group?
Serine, threonine and tyrosine
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What is a hydroxyl group?
An -OH group on the amino acid, this is polar
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Does phosphorylation activate or inactivate enzymes?
Can do either depending on the enzyme and the site of phosphorylation
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What does differentiation involve?
Changes in catalytic activities and concentrations of enzymes
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