Effect the body has on the drug
ADME
absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion
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What is pharmacoDynamics?
Effects the Drug has on the body
Systemic or cellular
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What organ metabolises drugs?
Liver
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What organ excretes drugs?
Kidney
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4 drug targets ?
RICE
receptor, ion channel, carrier protein, Enzyme
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3 types of cell communication?
Nerve
Endocrine
Local signalling
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What is integration?
Organs, tissues and cells working together to function
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What is an agonist?
Drug that interacts/ binds with target and triggers a response by a cell
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What is an antagonist?
Drug that interacts/ binds with target but does not trigger a response .
Target activity is INHIBITED!!
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What is the function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange
In
Alveoli in lungs is the site of gas exchange
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How can respiratory drugs be delivered?
Oral, when inhalation not available, e.g, corticosteroids
Parental, injection in severe cases, e.g., beta 2 agonists, corticosteroids
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What happens to muscle in asthma?
Bronchoconstriction of smooth muscle, release of adrenaline, beta-2 receptors of sympathetic NS triggers, smooth muscle relaxes
= bronchodilation
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In the sympathetic NS smooth muscle relaxes, bronchodisltion. What neurotransmitters are released and what do they act on?
Adrenaline and noradrenaline released
Act on B2 agonist salbutamol (SABA)
Or
Salmeterol (LABA)
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The the parasympathetic NS smooth muscle constricts, bronchoconstriction. What neurotransmitters are released and what do they act on?
Acetylcholine
Act on Muscarnic antagonist Ipratropium (SAMA)
Or
Tiotropium (LAMA)
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Salbutamol mimics adrenaline by doing what?
Binding to B2 receptors, causing bronchodilation. It is an agonist of adrenaline. Used to treat asthma
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other beta 2 agonists?
Salbutamol, terbutaline, bambuterol= short acting
formoterol, salmeterol = longer acting
Also known as sympathomimetics, mimic action of sympathetic NS
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B1 receptors are found where?
Cardiac muscle
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What is an example of an antimuscarinic bronchodilator?
Ipratropium bromide
Parasympathetic acetylcholine binds with ACh receptors causing bronchoconstriction, Ipratropium blocks ACh receptors from ACh causing bronchodilation
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What are corticosteroids?
Anti inflammatory and reduce immune response
E.g., beclometasone, prednisolone, budesonide, momemtasone.
Inhaled have fewer side effects than oral
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What measures airway resistance?
Peak flow
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salbutamol overview
For asthma, binds to b2 receptors on smooth muscle in airways causing bronchodilation (agonist)
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Propanolol overview
For anxiety, binds to B1 receptors on cardiac heart muscle acting as an antagonist, blocking effects of sympathetic nervous system, reducing hr and deducting palpitations.
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Why can bradycardia occur with propanolol?
Blocking b1 decrease heart rate so need to monitor hr before administering
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