L.G - Stuart Britain 1603-49

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4 key areas of monarch's prerogative (James I)
Foreign diplomacy (Head of State), declaration of war (commander-in-chief), legislation (right to call & dissolve Parl), religion (Supreme Governor of CofE)
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What is crown lands income
The crown had sold much land or rented it out on long leases at a fixed rent
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What is customs duties income
Taxes from goods imported into the country (Crown could quickly raise funds this way)
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What is feudal dues income
Crown had the right to control an estate that was inherited by ancient right
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Who were among the Political Nation
The aristocracy, the lesser gentry and newer groups e.g. lawyers and merchants
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Political Nation statistics
1 in 200 of adult male population, minimum annual requirement of 40 shillings
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Similarities between James I and Charles I's views on monarchy
Divine Right belief, defensive of prerogative, both had to deal with foreign policy, finance, religion and parliament issues
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Differences between James I and Charles I's views on monarchy
James pragmatic, Charles provocative, James sought compromise with the Political Nation while defending his prerogative
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What was the Privy Council
Monarch's official body of advisers and administrators, held considerable power but monarch did not have to follow its advice
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What was the Bedchamber
Monarch's private apartments and centre of the court, Gentlemen of the Bedchamber were those courtiers appointed (a lot of influence)
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Court of James I
Court was open, tension from dominance of the Bedchambers by Scots initially, first Englishman for Bedchamber Villiers 1615
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Court of Charles I
More isolated offering those outside it no point of contact, court dominated by Catholics and Arminians, court masques (opposition Puritans)
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Favourites of James I
Esme Stuart (1579-81), Robert Carr (1607-13), George Villiers (1615-25)
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Buckingham continues to be a favourite
Even in 1625. Role in managing royal patronage, which led to conflict especially in parls of 1621-8
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Why was finance becoming more serious
Crown's expenditure was rising largely due to inflation, Crown's income was falling due to Elizabeth's failure to reform Crown's income
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What treaty reduced Crown expenditure significantly and in what year
Treaty of London 1604, James I made peace with Spain
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Two negatives of James' expenditure
Court spending was double what it had been under Elizabeth and in 1606 Parl granted 3 subsidies but he gave £44,000 to his Scot friends
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Ante-supper
One of the most notorious examples of court extravagance, 1621 one cost around £3,300
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Cockayne project
1614 plan to reorganise cloth trade, did not help Crown finances. Dutch refused to purchase any so cloth trade slumped
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3 years difference in royal debt
By 1617 £726,000, by 1620 £900,000
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First Parl years
1604-11
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Second Parl years (Addled)
1614
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Third Parl years
1621-2
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Fourth Parl years
1624
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Thirty Years War years - did James want to join
1618-48 and no as he was aware of the Crown's financial weaknesses
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Monopolies
By 1621 there were more than 100, James relied on this and impositions e.g. Giles Mompesson abused his for licensing of inns
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Examination of monopolies
Used as a part of factional dispute by Cranfield and Coke to remove Bacon, they revived impeachment and James sacrified him to appease Commons
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1624 Parliament examples on limitations on Crown's powers
Subsidy Act £300,000 for warfare, could only be used for specified areas of foreign policy. Statute of Monopolies, limited Crown's rights to grant monopolies to individuals
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is crown lands income

Back

The crown had sold much land or rented it out on long leases at a fixed rent

Card 3

Front

What is customs duties income

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is feudal dues income

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Who were among the Political Nation

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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