3 Fatty acids joined to 1 glycerol via 3 ester bonds
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What are waxes made of?
Esters of long chain fatty acids and long chain alcohols
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What are hydrogenated fats?
Unsaturated fatty acids that have their double bonds removed
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What are hydrogenated trans fats?
Cis unsaturated fatty acids that have some of their double bonds converted to trans
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What are glycerophospholipids made up of?
1 Glycerol, 2 fatty acids, phosphate and an alcohol joined by a phosphodiester bond
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What are galactolipids made up of?
2 fatty acids and a monosaccharide or disaccharide
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Where are galactolipids found?
Chloroplast membrane of plant cells
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What are sphingolipids made up of?
1 Fatty acid, phosphate, choline and a sphingosine (long chain amino alcohol)
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Wher are sphingolipids found?
Plasma membrane of neurones
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What are the 3 subclasses of sphingolipids?
Sphingomyelins, glycolipids and gangliosides
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What is the polar head of sphinomyelins made of?
Phosphocholine or phosphoethanolamine
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What is the polar head of glycolipids made of?
One or more sugars
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What is the polar head of gangliosides made of?
Oligosaccharides
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Where is cholesterol found?
Plasma membranes
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What are the 2 roles of phosphatidylinositols?
Signalling to open Ca2+ ligand gated channels to release calcium. And translocation of GLUT4 to allow glucose to enter the cell after insulin is released.
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What are eicosanoids?
Paracrine hormones
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What are eicosanoids dervived from?
Arachidoic acids
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What are the 3 sub groups of eicosanoids?
Prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrienes
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What are the 3 roles of prostaglandin's?
Elevate temperature, affect blood flow and contraction of smooth muscle in mensturation and labour
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What is the role of thromboxane's?
Activate coagulation cascade in blood clotting and contraction and narrowing of blood vessels to reduce blood flow
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What is the role of leukotrienes?
Contraction of smooth muscle in lungs
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What are steroid hormones derived from?
Oxidised derivates of sterols
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What are the 2 roles of cortisol?
Stimulates glucoeneogenesis and suppresses immune system to reduce inflammation
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What are the 2 roles of aldosterone?
Homeostasis of Na+ (regulates reabsorption) and regulates blood pressure
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What is vitamin D important in?
Metabolism, bone development, heart disease and cancer
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