Male reproductive system!

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  • Created by: Izzy2807
  • Created on: 06-02-20 16:23
What is the gross anatomy of the scrotum?
A sac of loose skin, fascia (connective tissue with lots of collagen that separates muscles/organs) and muscle! 2 pouches containing testes, divided by a septum.
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What are the two muscles of the scrotum?
Cremaster muscle (covers the testes and spermatic cord, skeletal muscle bands, elevates testes when aroused/cold...temp regulation!). Dartos muscle: smooth muscle in fasica, causes scrotal wrinkling (lowers SA and heat loss).
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What is testes decent and what is the condition that occurs when they don't decend?
Testes develop near the kidneys (posterior abdominal wall) and decent into the scrotum through the inguinal canal (at 8 months). Cryptorchidism occurs if undecended.
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What is the name of the surgery that decends the testes?
Orchidopexy - increased risk if there is family history, low birth weight or premature. Can cause infertility problems and testicular cancer risk.
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What is the structure of the testes?
200-300 wedge-shaped lobules, each containing 1-4 coiled seminiferous tubules. Surrounded by connective tissue (contains interstitial cells that produce testosterone).
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What is the route that sperm travels?
Forms in the seminiferous tubules, matured in the epididymus, travels to ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct and then urethra!
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What are the 3 accessory glands (that help produce semen)?
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland and bulbourethral gland
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What do seminal vesicles do?
Produce an alkaline fluid that is viscous and has lots of fructose (for sperm energy), secretes prostaglandins to stimulate sperm motility and fibrinogen for clotting.
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What does the prostate gland do?
Secretes acidic fluid (citrate: nutrient) that improves sperm motility, fibrinogen that reduces clotting and prostate-specific antigen to liquify sperm for female environment.
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What does the bulbourethral gland do?
Secretes a thick, clear lubricant that is alkaline (to neutralize acids and urine traces in urethra)...prepares the urethral environment for ***********
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What pathway does sperm travel (and when do the secretory glands add)?
1) testis 2) epididymus 3) ductus deferens 4) seminal vesicles 5) ejaculatory duct 6) prostate gland 7) bulbourethral gland
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What is the function of the epididymus?
Where non-motile sperm mature and gain the ability to swim. Smooth muscle of the epididymus contract to expell sperm to the ductus deferens
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What is the function of the ductus deferens?
A duct that joins the epididymus to the seminal vesicles and then ejaculatory duct. Ejaculatory duct enters prostate gland and empties via the urethra.
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What is semen?
A transport medium for sperm, composing of sperm and testicular/accessory gland secretions.
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What properties does semen have?
It's alkaline, contains nutrients, clotting factors and antibiotic factors (to reduce the female immune response).
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What is an erection? (aided by tunica albuginea vein compression, less blood out, more blood in!)
A parasympathetic reflex. The release of Nitric Oxide causes vasodilation within the corpus cavernosa (expansion) and corpus spongiosum (less expansion but keeps urethra open).
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What is a vasectomy?
A surgery in which the ductus deferens are tied/cut to prevent sperm entering the ejaculatory duct. Sperm is instead broken down and reabsorbed into the testes (phagocytosis). There will still be ejac. fluid from prostate/bulbo. but no sperm!
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What is acute/chronic prostasis?
Acute: sudden bacterial infection of the prostate gland. Chronic: long-term inflammation of the prostate gland. Symptoms are similar to a UTI
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What is benign-prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer?
BPH: non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate, puts pressure on bladder (hormonal related). Prostate cancer: uncontrolled cell division of prostate cells.
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What is spermatogenesis? Describe it!
Starts in seminiferous tubules, spermatogonia divide by mitosis into type A and B cells. Type B become actual sperm, undergoes meiosis to become haploid...further development gives them a head and tail.
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How is spermatogenesis hormonally regulated?
Hypothalamus secrete GnRH. GnRh goes to Ant.Pit.Gland, secretes FSH and LH. LH: stims interstitial cells to secrete testosterone. FSH: stims sertoli cells in semi-tubs to release androgen binding-protein
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What does ABP and testosterone do in spermatogenesis regulation?
ABP enables sperm to bind to testosterone. Testosterone stimulates spermatogenesis! Inc. Testosterone = Neg.FB loop for GnRH.
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Describe the structure of sperm!
Head contains nucleus (DNA stored), acrosome contains enzymes that allow sperm to penetrate ooctye ZP, Midpiece contains mitochondria for metabolic energy, tail enables movement (fructose provides energy).
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What are the current theories for declining fertility among males?
Lifestyle choices (drinking, smoking, diets), pollution/microplastics/oil-solvents, oestrogen levels in drinking water (due to the pill), oestrogen compounds in meat. Mean having children later in life, radiation, lead and weed!
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are the two muscles of the scrotum?

Back

Cremaster muscle (covers the testes and spermatic cord, skeletal muscle bands, elevates testes when aroused/cold...temp regulation!). Dartos muscle: smooth muscle in fasica, causes scrotal wrinkling (lowers SA and heat loss).

Card 3

Front

What is testes decent and what is the condition that occurs when they don't decend?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the name of the surgery that decends the testes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the structure of the testes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

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