Mao's China, 1949-76: The Cultural Revolution and its Impact 0.0 / 5 ? HistoryChina in the 20th centuryA2/A-levelEdexcel Created by: fenton.daviesCreated on: 12-05-17 08:47 What was the Cultural Revolution? Essentially as large scale purge of the party- but escalated into total anarchy 1 of 19 Why did Mao launch the Cultural Revolution? Divisions within CCP (Ideologue/Pragmatist); increasing bureaucratisation; Mao securing himself in CCP; permanent revolution 2 of 19 What did the Socialist Education Movement have on the decision by Mao to do the CR? Proved to him that the party was taking a 'top-down' approach which didnt suit his ideology 3 of 19 How did Mao start the CR? Wu Han affair; CCRG; Yangtze swim; Red Guards-Mass Rallies; Little Red book/Diary of Lei Feng; 4 of 19 What was the CCRG? Body directing the CR; packe with ideologues 5 of 19 Why did Mao use young people to carry out the CR? Energetic; help ensure long term survival of communism in China; he was largely idolised by young people-allowed him to do what he wanted 6 of 19 What methods were used to help Mao gain control over young people? Little Red Book; Diary of Lei Feng; Personality Cult 7 of 19 Why were young people enthusiastic about carrying out the CR? Some was a way of proving themselves to Mao and peers; hitting back at party cadres; loved Mao (1 million at 1st mass rally) 8 of 19 What were the '4 olds'? Old habits, customs, ideas, culture 9 of 19 How were RG's used to carry out the CR? To attack the 4 olds including the party cadres at local and higher level 10 of 19 What was the result of the CR on China? Large amounts of cultural destruction (2/3 of places of importance in beijing); 1/2 million dead 11 of 19 Who were targeted in the party by the CR? Liu, Deng, Lin Biao (later on); party officals and cadres at all levels 12 of 19 Why was Lin Biao purged? Got v. popular in the party; officially plotting to assasinate Mao 13 of 19 How many central committe members were purged during the early years of the CR? 2/3 14 of 19 How did the purging of the party enhance Mao's control over it? Could replace purged members with his supporters who were more ideological rather than pragmatic 15 of 19 Who else were targeted during the CR? Foreigners (embassies), religious leaders, 'capitalist roaders' 16 of 19 What effect did the CR have in industrial output? Fell by 13% in 1967 17 of 19 Which factors contributed to the winding down of the CR? PLA restoring order; Return of Deng/Zhou; Reigning in Gang of Four; Rustication (Down to villages); Mao's deteriorating health 18 of 19 What was the rustication campaign? Sending 5 million Red Guards to the countryside where they could cause less trouble 19 of 19
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