Mineral Questions 0.0 / 5 ? OtherMineralsUniversityAll boards Created by: vdagnanCreated on: 06-05-14 11:58 What is the most abundant mineral in the body? Iron 1 of 24 What does transition metal mean? That it can exist in more than one state 2 of 24 What are the four functions of Iron Oxygen transport, Enzyme cofactor or constituent, immune function, brain function 3 of 24 What are heam molecules? The iron containing portion of haemoglobin 4 of 24 What is Haemoglobin? Part of red blood cells that carries oxygen to body tissues and Carbon dioxide away from tissues 5 of 24 What is Myoglobin? The Iron containing protein that resides in muscle and controls rate of diffusion of O2 from RBC to muscle cells 6 of 24 What is Irons role in metabolism? It is a component of cytochromes in the electron transport chain, it is present in enzymes in the Krebs cycle 7 of 24 What is Irons role in the Immune system? It is an important factor in lymphocyte activation and proliferation (however it can also nourish bacteria in Iron overload 8 of 24 What is Irons Role in Brain Function? It produces the protective myelin sheath that surrounds nerve cells, and Iron produces neurotransmitters to carry messages between nerve cells 9 of 24 What is haem and non-haem Iron and where can it be found? Haem is organic Iron readily found in animal foods and readily absorbed, non-haem is inorganic and found in plant sources less readily absorbed 10 of 24 Where is it absorbed? Small intestine in Duodenum and upper jejunum 11 of 24 How much can be absorbed? It is regulated by GI tract, when the body needs more, more is absorbed 12 of 24 How is it transported? Transported in the blood bound to a carrier protein transferrin 13 of 24 Where is the primary storage site? Liver 14 of 24 What factors increase Iron Absorption? Gastric acid, haem iron foods, high demand ie in pregnancy and blood loss, exercise, low body stores, Vitamin C 15 of 24 What factors decrease absorption? Phytic acid, oxalic acid, Polyphenols in tea, coffee and red wine, full body stores, excess of minerals, ZN, Mn, Ca, reduced gastric acid 16 of 24 Explain Iron turnover? Old blood cells release Iron which the body recycles. In a healthy adult mail 95% of required Iron is recycled the rest must come from the diet 17 of 24 Why are children at a higher risk of deficiency? Because they are going through rapid growth, dietary iron must supply about 30% of iron requirements 18 of 24 How is Iron excreted in the body? Faeces, sweat and skin cells (about 1mg per day) 19 of 24 What is the RNI for Females aged 15-50 years and those over 50? 15 - 50 = 14.8mg >50 = 8.7mg 20 of 24 What is the RNI for males 15-18 and 19+? 15-18 = 11.3mg >19 = 8.7mg 21 of 24 What are the three stages of Iron deficiency? Depletion of Iron stores, depletion of functional Iron, Iron deficiency anemia 22 of 24 What are the groups at risk of Iron deficiency anemia? Teenage girls, vegan/vegetarian diets, pre term infants, increased needs 23 of 24 What are the signs and symptoms of Iron deficiency anemia General fatigue, breathlessness on exertion, pale skin, loss of appetite, headaches, insomnia, palpitations, tachycardia 24 of 24
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