Muscles
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- Created by: ntygs19
- Created on: 11-03-20 22:29
MYOLOGY = the scientific study of?
Muscles
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3 types of muscular tissue: 1. S_, 2. C_ and 3. S_
1. Skeletal, 2. Cardiac, 3. Smooth
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SKELETAL MUSCLE - mostly attached to bones. Striated or nonstriated? Voluntary or Involuntary?
Striated, Voluntary.
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Skeletal muscle is composed of Muscle F_. T_ are extensions of connective tissue beyond muscle fibres that attach M_ to B_. Skeletal muscles are supplied with N_ and B_ V_ which provide nutrients and oxygen for contraction
Skeletal muscle is composed of Muscle Fibres. TENDONS are extensions of connective tissue beyond muscle fibres that attach MUSCLE to BONE. Skeletal muscles are supplied with NERVES and BLOOD VESSEL which provide nutrients and oxygen for contraction
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CARDIAC muscle - forms what? Striated/Nonstriated? Voluntary/Involuntary?
Forms most of the heart wall. STRIATED and INVOLUNTARY.
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Each cardiac muscle fibre contains a single centrally located N_. Cardiac muscle fibres are connected by I_ D_ which allow muscle A_ P_ to spread quickly
Each cardiac muscle fibre contains a single centrally located NUCLEUS. Cardiac muscle fibres are connected by INTERCOLATED DISCS which allow muscle ACTION POTENTIALS to spread quickly
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SMOOTH muscle is located in the V_. Striated/Non-Striated? Voluntary/Involuntary?
Located in the VISCERA. It is NONSTRIATED and INVOLUNTARY
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Where is smooth muscle found?
Found in many internal organs and blood vessels.
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Many visceral smooth muscle fibres from a network that does what
Contracts in unison.
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5 FUNCTIONS OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
See next
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1. Producing B_ M_
Producing BODY MOVEMENTS
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2. S_ body positiong
STABILIZING body positions
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3. Regulation O_ Volume
Regulating ORGAN VOLUME
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4. M_ substances within the body
MOVING substances within the body
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5. Producing H_
Producing HEAT
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MICRO STRUCTURE OF SKELETAL MUSCLE
See Next
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What is a Myocite?
A muscle fibre
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Name 6 components of a Myocite
Sarcoplam; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; Mitchondrion; Myoglobin; Myofibrils; Sarcomeres; Filaments (thick and thin)
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Myocite contains Sarcoplasm, which is the equivalent to what?
Cytoplasm, but in a muscle fibre
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What part of the Myocite stores and regulates CALCIUM in the muscle?
SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM
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What part of the Myocite generates energy through ATP?
MITOCHONDRION
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Oxygen powers muscle contraction. But what oxygen-binding protein facilitates this?
MYOGLOBIN
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What is the name of long filmaents that run alongside each other?
MYOFIBRILS
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What is the basic functional unit of striated muscle fibre? (Part of myofibrils)
SARCOMERES
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F_ overlap in specific patterns to form Sarcomeres
FILAMENTS
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What are the 2 types of Filaments?
Thick and Thin
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What do THICK filaments consist of? M_
MYOSIN (Protein)
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Do thick filaments lie close to the M line or Z line? And during the Power Stroke, do they pull thin thilaments towards or away from the Z line?
Close to the M line. They pull thin thilaments toward the Z line, shortening the muscle.
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What do THIN filaments consist of? A_, T_ and T_
ACTIN, TROPOMYOSIN and TROPININ
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REVIEW: Myocites consist of S_ (cytoplasm) , S_ R_ (stores & regulates calcium), M_ (generates energy thru ATP); M_ (oxygen binding); M_ (long filaments alongisde each other); S_ (basic functional units of striated muscle fibre); contains T_ & T_ F_
Myocites consist of Sarcoplasm; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; Mitochondrion; Myoglobin; Myofribrils; Sarcomeres; Thick Filaments containing Myosin and Thin Filaments containing Actin, Tropomyosin and Troponin
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SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION
See next
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Contraction is triggered at the NMJ ... what is the NMJ?
Neuromuscular Junction
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A motor neuron E_ a muscle fibre through S_ Diffusion
A motor neuron EXCITES a muscle fibre through SYNAPTIC Diffusion
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What neurotransmitter is released from synaptic vesicles, initiating muscle action potential?
ACh (Acetycholine) - binds to ACh receptors in muscle fibres
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The inflow of what solute generates a muscle action potential?
Na+ (Sodium)
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Muscle Contractio occurs through S_ F_ MECHANISM
Sliding Filament Mechanism
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Filament sliding + Shortening of S_ causes the S_ of muscle fibres
Filament sliding + Shortening of SARCOMERES causes the SHORTENING of muscle fibers
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__ and ATP are needed for muscle contraction
Ca2+
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An increase in CA2+ in the S_ caused by the M_ A_ P_ starts the contraction cycle
An increase in CA2+ in the SARCOPLASM, caused by the MUSCLE ACTION POTENTIAL starts the contraction cycle
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MUSCLE CONTRACTION CYCLE
4 Stages
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1. Splitting ATP - what enzyme splits ATP and becomes energised?
MYOSIN ATPase
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2. Forming CROSS-BRIDGES - The energised M_ head of the T_ Filament attaches to the A_ of the T_ Filament, forming a cross bridge between thick and thin filaments
The MYOSIN head of the THICK filament attaches to the ACTIN of the THIN filament creating a cross bridge between thick and thin filaments
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What is the function of Tropomyosin?
Blocks the cross-bridge binding sites on Actin, preventing muscle contraction
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What is the function of Troponin?
When calcium ion levels are high enough and ATP is present, Calium ions bind to the troponin which displaces the Tropomyosin, allowing Myosin heads to form a cross-bridge by binding to the Actin binding sites.
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3. POWER STROKE - The cross-bridge generates F_ as it swivels/rotates towards the M Line of the Sarcomere, pulling the Z Lines closer together
The crossbridge generates FORCE as it pulls the myosin head pulls the thin filamernt towards the M Line of the Sarcomere, shortening the sarcomere
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4. BINDING ATP & DETACHING - M_ deatches from A_. M_ Head again splits ATP, returns to its original position, and binds to a new A_ so the cycle continues
Myosin detaches from the Actin. Myosin head again splits ATP, returns to its original position, and binds to a new site on Actin as the cycle continues
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REVIEW - Describe Stage 1: Splitting ATP
Myosin ATPase splits ATP and becomes energised
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Describe Stage 2: Forming Cross-Bridges
Newly energised Myosin head attaches to Actin binding sites, forming a cross bridge between the thin and thick filaments
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Describe stage 3: Power Stroke
The crossbridge generates force as the Myosin heads of the thick filament pull the thin filament towards the Z Line
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Describe Stage 4: Binding ATP and Detatching
Myosin head detatches from the Actin binding site, The Myosin head again splits ATP, returns to its original position and binds to a new Actin site and continues the cycle.
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When does muscle contraction stop?
When the nervous system sends impulses via the NMJ to relax, preventing the secretion of Ca2+, therefore deactivating Troponin in the thin filament, which allows the Tropomyosin to cover the Actin binding sites. preventing Myosin heads from binding.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
3 types of muscular tissue: 1. S_, 2. C_ and 3. S_
Back
1. Skeletal, 2. Cardiac, 3. Smooth
Card 3
Front
SKELETAL MUSCLE - mostly attached to bones. Striated or nonstriated? Voluntary or Involuntary?
Back

Card 4
Front
Skeletal muscle is composed of Muscle F_. T_ are extensions of connective tissue beyond muscle fibres that attach M_ to B_. Skeletal muscles are supplied with N_ and B_ V_ which provide nutrients and oxygen for contraction
Back

Card 5
Front
CARDIAC muscle - forms what? Striated/Nonstriated? Voluntary/Involuntary?
Back

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