Natural selection

What is stabilising selection?

Where phenotype frequency distribution is in the middle (mean does not favour the extremes)

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What is directional selection?

Where the phenotype frequency distribution favours one extreme

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What is divergent selection?

Where the phenotype frequency is greatest on both extremes but not the middle

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What is balancing selection?

Where the phenotype frequency distribution is equal

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What is artificial selection?

Where organisms are bred by humans, purposefully to achieve certain outcomes

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What is experimental selection?

Where organisms are bred for experimental purposes to see what the outcomes will be

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Give 3 advantages of natural selection

1) More offspring that can survive, increasing mortality rate, 2) Individuals within species vary in their ability to survive and reproduce, 3) Offspring inherit characteristics from parents that affect their survival and reproduction

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Why is predation a major selective pressure?

Predator-prey co-evolution arms race, strength of selection and rate of evolutionary arms race depends on the degree of specialisation

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Give an example of how insects have evolved for anti-predatory defence

Bright colouration as it has association with poison, is effective in warning off birds (Butterly mimicry is an example of this)

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What is batesian mimicry?

Where one species avoids predation by looking like another species which may be poisonous (convergent evolution)

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Natural selection

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