P1
OCR 21st Century Science Revision P1
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- Created by: zoe
- Created on: 20-05-13 18:11
Early earth was made entirely of...
Molten
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The earth is around...
4500 million years old
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What changes surfaces over time?
Erosion
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Huge force over a long time causes rock...
Folding
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Meteors create...
Craters
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The earth would be all at sea level if _______ hadn't have formed.
Mountains
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The earths age can be discovered by...
Fossils and Radioactivity
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A rocks radioactivity __________ over time.
Decreases
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Structure of the earth...
Core, mantel, crust
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__________ created the theory of continental drift.
Wegener
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The continents all...
Fit together
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Four reasons why Wegener's theory wasn't accepted...
He wasn't a geologist, evidence was limited, could be explained more simply, movement of continents wasn't detectable
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Wegener's theory became accepted by...
Peer review
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The earths crust is separated into...
Tectonic plates
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Natural hazards are also known as...
Geohazard
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These occur in the mantle and cause magma to rise...
Convection Currents
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The earth has a...
Magnetic field
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What is is called when oceanic and continental plates collide and the denser oceanic plate is forced under the continental plate?
Subduction
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In subduction the oceanic plate melts and molten rock can rise to form...
Volcanoes
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Plate movement is crucial in the rock cycle because...
Old rock is destroyed through subduction, igneous rock is formed when magma reaches the surface, plate collisions can cause high temperatures and pressure causing rocks to fold, sedimentary rock becomes metamorphic rock
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The waves produced by earthquakes can be measured by a...
Seismograph
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P waves and S waves are also known as
Longitudinal and transverse waves
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P waves...
Travel faster than S waves, can travel through solids and liquids, can travel through the liquid region of the outer core of the earth
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S waves...
Can only travel through solids, can't travel through the liquid region of the outer core of the earth
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What occurs when the boundaries between different types of rock lead to changes in the speed of P and S waves?
Refraction or reflection of waves
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In longitudinal waves each particle...
Vibrates backwards and forwards about its normal position, moves backwards and forwards in the same plane as the direction of wave movement
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Sound waves travel as...
Longitudinal waves
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In transverse waves each particle...
Vibrates up and down about its normal position, moves up and down at right angles to the direction of wave movement
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All electromagnetic waves travel as...
Transverse waves
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The maximum disturbance caused by a wave, measured by the distance from a crest of the wave to the in disturbed position...
Amplitude
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The distance between corresponding points on two adjacent disturbances...
Wavelength
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The number of waves produced (or passing through a particular point) in one second...
Frequency
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Frequency is measure in...
Hertz (Hz)
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If a wave travels at a constant speed increasing the frequency will...
Decrease the wavelength
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If a wave travels at a constant speed decreasing its frequency will...
Increase its wavelength
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If a wave has a constant frequency decreasing its wave speed will...
Decrease its wavelength
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If a wave has a constant frequency increasing its wave speed will...
Increase its wavelength
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Frequency x Wavelength =
Wave Speed
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Wave Speed x Time =
Distance
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The solar system was formed about _______ ________ years ago.
5000 million
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Three steps of the creation of the solar system...
1. Started as dust and gas clouds was pulled together by gravity, 2. Created intense heat and nuclear fusion begins and the sun was made, 3. Remaining dust and gas formed smaller masses which were attracted to the sun.
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Eight large masses that orbit the sun...
Planets
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Small masses that orbit planets...
Moons
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Small, rocky masses that orbit the sun...
Asteroids
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Small, icy masses that orbit the sun...
Comets
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Small masses that orbit the sun (eg Pluto)...
Dwarf Planets
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Planets, moons and asteroids all move in...
Elliptical orbits
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Elliptical orbits are...
Slightly squashed and circular
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The process of nuclear fusion...
Hydrogen atoms are fused together to produce an atom with a larger mass, binding energy stored in hydrogen atoms is released
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All chemical elements larger than ______ were formed by nuclear fusion in earlier stars.
Helium
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The ______ of hydrogen atoms fuse together during nuclear fusion.
Nuclei
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The sun is _______ years old per than the earth.
500 million
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The universe is ______________ years old.
14000 million
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Vast space distances are measured in...
Light-years
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The speed at which light travels...
Speed of light
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Two ways of measuring distances in space...
Relative brightness and parallax
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Relative brightness...
The dimmer a star, the further away it is
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Parallax...
The apparent movement of an object, movement is actually caused by the observer
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Three types of radiation from stars...
Visible light, ultraviolet, infrared
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Hubbies law...
The speed at which a galaxy is moving away is proportional to its distance from us
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When a wavelength appears to have a longer wavelength than it should have...
Redshift
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The bug bang occurred...
14 000 million years ago
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All galaxies are moving away from us therefore the universe is...
Expanding
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If there isn't enough ______ the universe will keep expanding.
Mass
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If there is too much mass ______ will pull everything together and the universe will collapse.
Gravity
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
The earth is around...
Back
4500 million years old
Card 3
Front
What changes surfaces over time?
Back
Card 4
Front
Huge force over a long time causes rock...
Back
Card 5
Front
Meteors create...
Back
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