PE, Anatomy - (GCSE) Winter term (Yr.10)

?
what are the three functions of the skeleton ?
movement, protection and support
1 of 86
what do ligaments do ?
link two bones together
2 of 86
what do tendons do ?
they attach muscles to bones
3 of 86
what is another name for the skull ?
cranium
4 of 86
what is the jawbone called ?
mandible
5 of 86
what are the bones in the arm ?
humerous, radius, ulna, carpal, meta carpal, philangies
6 of 86
what are the bones in the leg ?
femar, tibia, fibula, tarsel, meta tarsel, philangies patella
7 of 86
what is another name for your knee cap ?
patella
8 of 86
what is you shoulder bone called ? shoulder blade ?
clavicle, scapula
9 of 86
what are the 3 other functions of the skeleton ?
shape+structure, blood cell production and storage of minerals
10 of 86
how does to production of red blood cells affect the body ?
if you do not make enough red blood cells then you cannot carry enough oxygen to the muscles in sport
11 of 86
what minerals does the skeletal frame hold ? why do they hold them ?
calcium, phosphorus and so they can be released into the blood stream when needed
12 of 86
what do flat bones do ? give an example.
protect - cranuim sterum
13 of 86
what do small bones do ? give an example.
help perform fine movements- phalanges, carpals, metacarpals
14 of 86
what do large bones do ? give an example.
help perform gross movements- femur, tibia, fibula, humerus
15 of 86
what do irregular bones do ? give an example
they normally protect- vertebrae, patella
16 of 86
what is flexion ?
when the angle decreases at a joint
17 of 86
what is extension ?
when the angle increases at a joint
18 of 86
what is abduction ?
movement away from the mid line of the body
19 of 86
what is adduction ?
movement towards the mid line of the body
20 of 86
what is rotation ?
turning a limb along its axis
21 of 86
what is a joint by definition ?
where two or more bones meet
22 of 86
what is a fixed joint ?
where two or more bones meet but do not move
23 of 86
what is an example of semi moveable joint ?
vertebrae (it moves but not as feely as a synovial joint )
24 of 86
what is a synovial joint ? what are the two types of synovail joints ?
a freely moveable joint, hinge and ball and socket
25 of 86
what is plantar flextion ?
movement at the ankle that points your toes to the ground
26 of 86
what is dorsiflextion ?
movement at the ankle when the foot is pulled up to the knee
27 of 86
what does SEEL stand for when answering an exam question ?
S-state E-explain (explain what you've stated) E-evidence L- link (back to the question)
28 of 86
what is included in a synovial joint ?
cartilage, bursae, synovial fluid, joint capsule, liagaments, synovial membrane
29 of 86
what does the synovial membrane do ?
produce synovial fluid
30 of 86
what does the cartilage in a joint do ?
prevents bones rubbing together and helps to stop/prevent friction
31 of 86
what does the joint capsule do ?
its a tissue that stops synovial fluid escaping, it encloses and supports the joint
32 of 86
what do the ligaments do ?
stops and prevents dislocations, stabilises the joint
33 of 86
what does the bursae do ?
a fluid filled sack which reduces friction
34 of 86
what are the muscles in the shoulder joint ?
rotator cuff, deltoid, trapizius, tricep, bicep, pectorials, lattisimus dorsi
35 of 86
what are the muscles at the elbow joint ?
bicep and tricep
36 of 86
what are the muscles at the hip joint ?
hip flexors, gluteals
37 of 86
what are the muscles at the knee joint ?
quadracep group, hamstring group
38 of 86
what are the muscles at the ankle joint ?
tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius
39 of 86
what are the muscles called situated in the middle of the stomach ?
abdominals
40 of 86
what do muscles work in ?
antagonistic pairs
41 of 86
what movements can muscles do ?
pull not push
42 of 86
how do pairs of muscles work ?
while one contracts, the other relaxes
43 of 86
what is the contracting muscle called ?
the prime mover/ agonist
44 of 86
what is the relaxing muscle called ?
antagonist
45 of 86
what muscles pull the elbow joint ?
bicep and tricep
46 of 86
what muscles pull the shoulder joint ?
the deltoid and latissimus dorsi
47 of 86
what muscles are muscles which work the hip ?
the gluteals and hip flexors
48 of 86
what muscles pull the knee joint ?
the hamstring group and quadricep group
49 of 86
what are the two different ways muscles contract ?
isotonic contraction and isometric contraction
50 of 86
what is isotonic contraction ?
when a muscles physically moves eg, passing the ball in netball
51 of 86
what is isometric contraction ?
when there is no movement of the muscle eg, plank
52 of 86
what are the two types of isotonic contraction ?
concentric and eccentric
53 of 86
what is isotonic concentric contraction ?
when the muscle shortens as it contracts eg, bending the elbow from straight to fully flexed (bicep)
54 of 86
what is isotonic eccentric contraction ?
when the muscles lengthens as it contracts, its less common in sport, gravity changes the prime mover eg downwards phase of a press up (tricep)
55 of 86
when does isometric muscle contraction occur ?
when the muscles remains the same length when it contracts eg, performing the plank
56 of 86
what are planes and axes ?
technical words to help you describe the directions of movement
57 of 86
what is a plane ?
a line which is drawn through your body splitting it in two parts
58 of 86
what are the three types of plane ?
frontal, transverse and sagittal
59 of 86
what is a frontal plane ?
it separates the front and back and creates side to side movement eg, sidestepping
60 of 86
what is a horizontal/transverse plane ?
it divides the top and bottom half and creates rotation and turning motions eg.rolling off a player in netball
61 of 86
what is a sagittal plane ?
it divides the body into the left and the right side and creates forward and backward movement eg,sprinting
62 of 86
what is an axis ?
an imaginary line around which the body rotates
63 of 86
what are the three axes ?
sagittal, longitudinal and transverse
64 of 86
what is the sagittal axis ?
a line which passes horizontally from front to back it causes side to side movement eg. kartwheel
65 of 86
what is the longitudnal axis ?
a line which passes through your body vertically from top to bottom and it causes roation eg, pivoting in netball
66 of 86
what is the transverse axis ?
a line which goes horizontally through the body from left to right it allows movement forwards and backwards eg, an arabesque
67 of 86
what links to the frontal plane ? example ?
the sagittal axis as they both cause adduction and abduction (side to side movement); cartwheel
68 of 86
what links the the transverse plane ? example ?
the longitudinal axis as they both cause rotation; roll off of a player in netball
69 of 86
what links the the sagittal plane ? example ?
the transverse axis as both cause flexion and extension, forward and backwards movement; forward somersault
70 of 86
what are all movements made by the body produced by ?
a series of levers working together
71 of 86
what are the three types of levers ?
first class levers, second class levers and third class levers
72 of 86
what are the three parts of a lever ?
falcrum, load (resistance), effort
73 of 86
what is the falcrum in a lever ? what is it in relation to the body ?
the point at which a lever turns or is supported, the joint
74 of 86
what is the load(resistance) in a lever ? what is it in relation to the body ?
the weight or resistance that the leaver must move, the weight of the body part or apparatus
75 of 86
what is effort in a lever ? what is it in relation to the body ?
the force required to move the load and in the human body the effort comes from the muscles, the muscle
76 of 86
what is a first class leaver ? where does it occur ?
draw: when the elbow extends (extension at elbow)
77 of 86
what is a second class lever ? where does it occur ?
draw: at the ankle , plantar flexion
78 of 86
what is a third class lever ? where does it occur ?
its the most popular lever in the body!! draw: movement at the knee joint, flexion at the elbow
79 of 86
how do you work out mechanical advantage ?
effort arm divided by resistance arm
80 of 86
what does it mean if you have a low mechanical advantage ? what lever has it ?
that you can generate a lot of speed with gross movements;a third class lever
81 of 86
what does it mean if you have a high mechanical advantage ? what lever has it ?
you can lift heavy objects with little effort; second class lever
82 of 86
what mechanical advantage does a first class lever have ?
either high or low depending on where the fulcrum is
83 of 86
what is the resistance arm ? effort arm ?
the distance from the load to the fulcrum; the distance from the effort to the fulcrum
84 of 86
what advantage does a resistance arm longer than the effort arm mean ? what about if the effort arm is longer than the resistance arm ?
that it has a low mechanical advantage; that it has a high mechanical advantage
85 of 86
7.12.17
0000
86 of 86

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what do ligaments do ?

Back

link two bones together

Card 3

Front

what do tendons do ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

what is another name for the skull ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

what is the jawbone called ?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Physical Education resources:

See all Physical Education resources »See all Skeletal system - bones and joints resources »