Where does the light-dependent reaction take place?
Thylakoid membranes.
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What are the 4 membrane-bound proteins involved in the light-dependent reaction?
Photosystem II, Cytochrome, Photosystem I, Ferredoxin.
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What is photolysis?
Light energy splitting water molecules into oxygen, a proton and an electron.
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What happens to the chlorophyll molecules within photosystem II?
Absorbs light energy so electrons are excited to a higher energy level.
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How are the excited electrons replaced?
Electrons from photolysis of water.
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What happens as electrons are passed along the chain of proteins?
They gain energy which is used to pump protons from the stroma to the lumen.
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How is NADPH formed?
Electron is recombined with a proton and taken up by NADP.
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How is the proton gradient useful?
To make ATP using ATP synthases. ADP + Pi -> ATP.
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How is NADPH produced during the light-dependent reaction used in the light independent reaction?
Reduction of Glycerate-3-phosphate to triose phosphate.
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In which part of a chloroplast does the light-independent reaction occur?
Stroma
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Which process is the source of ATP used in the conversion of GP to TP?
The light-dependent reaction.
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What proportion of TP molecules is converted to RuBP?
5/6 or 83%
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What is the role of the enzyme, Rubisco?
Catalyses the reaction of RuBP binding with CO2.
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How many molecules of GP are produced from RuBP?
2
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What happens to GP in the Calvin cycle?
It is reduced and activated to form Triose phosphate. 2ATP and 2NADPH molecules from the light-dependent reaction provide energy.
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How is glucose formed in the Calvin cycle?
2 Triose phosphates combine using glycolysis enzyme in reverse.
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What is the glucose used for?
To make other organic compounds like; cellulose, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids.
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How is NADP reduced in the light-dependent reaction?
Gains an electron from photolysis.
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Why would there be twice the amount of GP as ribulose biphosphate when carbon dioxide concentration is high?
RuBP is converted into 2x GP by combining with CO2.
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What is the compensation point?
Conditions at which rates of photosynthesis and respiration are equal.
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Why does temperature affect rates of photosynthesis and respiration?
Affects rates of enzyme reactions.
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What happens to the rate of photosynthesis when there is a higher concentration of CO2?
Rate increases as CO2 is the substrate for Rubisco so the Calvin cycle happens at a faster rate.
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How does light intensity affect photosynthesis?
Light is the source of energy in the light dependent reaction, producing ATP and NADPH so the higher the light intensity, the faster rate of photosynthesis.
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Why is photosynthesis affected by the time of day?
Affected by the change in light.
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Why is respiration affected by time of day?
Affected by changes in temperature.
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How can a farmer improve the conditions for photosynthesis in a greenhouse?
Burning fuel to release CO2 and heat. Artificial lighting.
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What is meant by a limiting factor?
The one factor that is controlling the rate of reaction and is in the shortest supply.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What are the 4 membrane-bound proteins involved in the light-dependent reaction?
Back
Photosystem II, Cytochrome, Photosystem I, Ferredoxin.
Card 3
Front
What is photolysis?
Back
Card 4
Front
What happens to the chlorophyll molecules within photosystem II?
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