Plant transport
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- Biology
- Ecology, ecosystems and environmental biologyHuman, animal and plant behaviourHuman, animal and plant physiology
- AS
- OCR
- Created by: kikaritae
- Created on: 15-04-18 01:32
the cell walls and intercellular spaces of plant cells.
apoplast
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movement of substances through the cell walls and cell spaces by diffusion and into cytoplasm by active transport.
apoplast route
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the products of photosynthesis that are transported around a plant, e.g., sucrose.
assimilates
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organisms that acquire nutrients by photosynthesis.
autotrophic
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organelles that are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells. Contain chlorophyll pigments, which are the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
chloroplasts
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the active cells found next to sieve tube elements that supply the phloem vessels with all of their metabolic needs.
companion cells
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plants that produce seeds containing two cotyledons, which act as food stores for the developing embryo and form the first leaves when the seed germinates.
dicots
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surfaces over which materials are exchanged from one area to another.
exchange surface
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the complex systems in which the respiratory gases oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in an organism.
gaseous exchange system
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cells that can open and close the stomatal pores, controlling gaseous exchange and water loss in plants.
guard cells
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the pressure created by water in an enclosed system.
hydrostatic pressure
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plants with adaptations that enable them to survive in very wet habitats or submerged or at the surface of water.
hydrophytes
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a transport system where substances are transported in a mass of fluid.
mass transport system
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diffusion of water through a partially permeable membrane down a water potential gradient. A passive process.
osmosis
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transport that is a passive process (does not require energy) and does not use energy from cellular respiration.
passive transport
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plant transport tissue that carries the products of photosynthesis (assimilates) to all cells of the plant.
phloem
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cells found just behind the growing tip of a plant root that have long hairlike extensions that greatly increase the surface area available for the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
root hair cells
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the active pumping of minerals into the xylem by root cells that produces a movement of water into the xylem by osmosis.
root pressure
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areas between the cells of the phloem where the walls become perforated giving many gaps and a sieve-like appearance that allows the phloem contents to flow through.
sieve plates
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the main cells of the phloem that have a greatly reduced living content and sieve plates between the cells.
sieve tube elements
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regions of a plant that require assimilates to supply their metabolic needs, e.g. roots, fruits.
sinks
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regions of a plant that produce assimilates (e.g. glucose) by photosynthesis or from storage materials, e.g. leaves, storage organs.
sources
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pores in the surface of a leaf or stem that may be opened and closed by guard cells.
stomata
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fluid interior of chloroplasts.
stroma
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a disaccharide made up of a fructose and glucose monosaccharides.
sucrose
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the continuous cytoplasm of living plant cells connected through the plasmodesmata.
symplast
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phloem loading through the cytoplasm of the cells via plasmodesmata by diffusion (passive).
symplast route
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the movement of organic solutes around a plant in the phloem.
translocation
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the loss of water vapour from the stems and leaves of a plant as a result of evaporation from cell surfaces inside the leaf and diffusion down a concentration gradient out through the stomata.
transpiration
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the movement of water through a plant from the roots until it is lost by evaporation from the leaves.
transpiration stream
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the system that transports required substances around the body of an organism.
transport system
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the pressure exerted by the cell-surface membrane against the cell wall in a plant cell.
turgor
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the vascular system of herbaceous dicots, made up of xylem and phloem tissue.
vascular bundle
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a system of transport vessels in animals or plants.
vascular system
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plants with adaptations that enable them to survive in dry habitats or habitats where water is in short supply in the environment.
xerophytes
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plant transport tissue that carries water and minerals from the roots to the other parts of the plant as a result of physical forces.
xylem
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
movement of substances through the cell walls and cell spaces by diffusion and into cytoplasm by active transport.
Back
apoplast route
Card 3
Front
the products of photosynthesis that are transported around a plant, e.g., sucrose.
Back
Card 4
Front
organisms that acquire nutrients by photosynthesis.
Back
Card 5
Front
organelles that are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells. Contain chlorophyll pigments, which are the site of the light reactions of photosynthesis.
Back
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