Post-Industrial Britain

?
What other social class emerged in post-industrial Britain?
middle-class
1 of 23
What was the role of the middle class in society?
Industrialists, Factory owners/managers but they didn't own big estates and were not born into aristocracy.
2 of 23
Describe the role of an amateur.
Played for the sake of the game and received no monetary gain for participating. The upper class were amateurs.
3 of 23
Describe the role of a professional.
The lower class peasants were professionals and received payment for participating in sport. Being a professional was not a good thing in post-industrial Britain as training for a sporting event was seen as cheating.
4 of 23
Why was the assumption that women should marry compromised during the late nineteenth century?
There was a shortage of men due to boys having higher mortality rates compared to girls and many men serving in the armed forces abroad.
5 of 23
What did the Taunton Royal Commission Report identify?
The limitations of schooling for women and so following this a series of female educational pioneers emerged, which formed part of a wider movement of campaigners that wanted equal rights to work, study, own property and eventually vote.
6 of 23
What effect did law and order have on the development of sport in post-industrial Britain?
More defined laws were brought in which resulted in the decline and banning of blood sports such as animal baiting.
7 of 23
Who were the makers of the more defined laws in post-industrial Britain?
The upper class, this meant that they protected the sports they had interests in even though they could be deemed cruel, such as Fox Hunting.
8 of 23
Why did the upper class have little interest in the cultural and educational development of the working classes?
The revolutions in Europe showed that in order to keep the masses under control and less powerful they needed to be less educated. The upper class wanted to remain the most powerful and influential class in society.
9 of 23
Why were working class families reluctant to send their working children to school?
Child labour was still common and so families were reluctant to give up the earning of their children for the benefit of education.
10 of 23
What effect did the Education Act of 1870 have?
It was the beginning of the modern system of education. Education was becoming more accessible to to the lower classes and so they could understand the more sophisticated rules involved, which led to more people being involved in sport.
11 of 23
Why did factory owners encourage their employees to be involved in sports teams?
They realised that it would keep their workforce healthier and loyal to the company.
12 of 23
How was the amount of time available for participation in sport increased?
The Saturday half day provided a short period of time where workers could be involved in physical activity.
13 of 23
What else did factory owners do to keep their workforce loyal?
In larger factories some owners would pay for their workforce to go on annual excursions to the seaside, this was the beginning of the seaside holiday.
14 of 23
Why did the working class still find it difficult to participate in sport given the Saturday half day?
They still worked incredibly long hours, for example 12 hour shifts and so had little energy. Pay was also poor and the working and living conditions were in poverty.
15 of 23
Why was the development of the railways so important to the development of sport?
It enabled fixtures to be played across the country and spectators to travel to watch their team, enabling them to follow and identify with a particular team.
16 of 23
What impact did the development of railways have on horse racing?
The owners were no longer restricted to racing their horses every couple of weeks as they could now regularly attend. The increase in attendance led to the levelling out of standards across the country.
17 of 23
What impact did the development of railways have on cricket?
Touring teams, such as William Clarke's All England XI were developed that travelled around the country playing other local teams, levelling the standards out across the country.
18 of 23
Give some characteristics of public schools.
boarding, fee-paying, endowed, gentry, boys, controlled by trustees, spartan
19 of 23
What did Thomas Arnold do to encourage healthy competition?
Introduced the house system where houses would play against each other and introduced prefects who would organise the sport.
20 of 23
What did Thomas Arnold achieve through encouraging sport?
He established a link between sport and moral/ethical character. The concept of developing ethical character through sport is often called the cult of athleticism.
21 of 23
What happened when the public school boys went to university?
They took their games with them were they were put into a 'melting pot', where a common set of rules for a sport was established. They also helped to form national governing bodies for sports.
22 of 23
Why would different versions of an activity develop at different public schools?
Boys would take their local activities to the public school where more formalised rules would be set by each individual school, which led to slightly different versions of the same sport developing.
23 of 23

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What was the role of the middle class in society?

Back

Industrialists, Factory owners/managers but they didn't own big estates and were not born into aristocracy.

Card 3

Front

Describe the role of an amateur.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Describe the role of a professional.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Why was the assumption that women should marry compromised during the late nineteenth century?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Physical Education resources:

See all Physical Education resources »See all Socio-cultural studies resources »