PSYA3

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Gregory
Top-down indirect perception theory. combination of sensory info, knowledge from previous experience and inference to perceive world. visual illusions are misapplied hypotheses
1 of 26
Palmer
Mailbox and breadloaf in kitchen, will see bread if mailbox, contextual info from prior knowledge. expectations influence perception
2 of 26
Segall
people living in carpentered environments will be affected by muller lyer illusion. expectations from environment
3 of 26
Gibson
Bottom-up direct perceptual theory. optical array, invariant aspects of environment, affordances and texture gradients are all that's needed to perceive world. only sensory info.
4 of 26
Johannson
small lights on person moving, able to to perceive motion from dot array changes, present in infants = INNATE
5 of 26
Lee
Time to contact : Gannets fold wings when diving at constant time before contacting water: visual optic array provides perceptual data
6 of 26
Neisser
Cyclic perceptual model, begins with retinal image (Gibs) and then expectations are used to form and test hypotheses (greg)
7 of 26
Gibson and Walk
Visual cliff, infants experienced faster HR when encougraged to crawl over virtual 'cliff' illusion, indicates innate depth perception.
8 of 26
Hofsten
Motion parallax, infants habituated to a display of 3 rods with one moving with the infant (MP) shown 2 other displays = different motion parallax and no MP, reacted to no motion parallax. motion parallax perception is INNATE
9 of 26
Slater
infants could differentiate between cubes of same actual and same retinal size, could perceive size constancy
10 of 26
Blakemore and Cooper
Cats kept in environment with only vertical lines, lost ability to perceive horizontal lines, innate visual brain areas had been shaped by experience NATURE NURTURE
11 of 26
Turnbull
pygmies living in dense forest, had little depth perception, based on experience
12 of 26
Jahoda and McGurk
shown silhouetted pictures, with texture gradient depth cues and retinal image diferences, ghanaian and scottish kids told to replicate with wooden models, conclusion: ghanians not deficient in perceiving depth.
13 of 26
Hudson
Zulus and British children shown pictures of spear wielding man pointing it to an antelope, depth cues show elephant in background (occlusion), after education, all europeans and only some zulus could identify depth
14 of 26
Deregowski
Epitomic image: provide NO depth info (jahoda and McGurk) Eidolic image: provides depth cues (hudson), may not have been problems with depth perception, problems with pictorial representation instead
15 of 26
Page
changed hudson questions to depth questions relating to the child, not the hunter, perception improved
16 of 26
Bruce and Young
Serial unitary model for face recognition, involves info about basic invariant structure, then FRU, containing info about familiar faces, and then PIN, containing personal info about the familiar people, face is then put to name
17 of 26
Fantz
Infants = innate preference for general 'face' structure, rather than jumbled features. adaptive, allows child to elicit caregiving more easily
18 of 26
Sergent
Face recog is separate from object recog = Fusiform Face Area of brain more active when processing faces than when processing objects
19 of 26
Gaulthier
Face Recog is not special : Fusiform Face Area stimulated when a person processed an object that they were interested in (birdwatcher = bird)
20 of 26
Young
Diary study, people who couldn't recognise familiar faces did not have vital personal info. explains serial nature of FRU - PIN - Name retrieval
21 of 26
Bruyer
Farmer, could not recognise familiar faces, but could recognise his own sheep and unfamiliar faces
22 of 26
Farah
Fusiform Gyrus (FFA) active when Faces are recognised. Also found that object, face and text (alexia) recognition are on a continuum between configural (structural) processing and Holistic (relationship based) processing
23 of 26
Busigny
Case study - Damage to occipital and temporal lobes = could not recognise familiar + own face, could when given contextual cues (hair, glasses etc)
24 of 26
Garrido
PET scans = weaker FFA responses in developmental prosopagnosics
25 of 26
Duchaine
used nonsensical figures generated on computer = Greebles, prosopagnisics could identify and differentiate between greebles, although FFA could still be activated by greebles, Face recog is completely separate from any object recog.
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Card 2

Front

Palmer

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Mailbox and breadloaf in kitchen, will see bread if mailbox, contextual info from prior knowledge. expectations influence perception

Card 3

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Segall

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Card 4

Front

Gibson

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Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

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Johannson

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