psychology- research methods

?
independant variable
the thing you change to see if there is a cause and effect
1 of 46
dependent variable
the thing that is measured
2 of 46
operationalised
clearly breaking something down to make it measureable
3 of 46
extraneous variables
other variables which effect the dependent variable. Such as temperature, light and location
4 of 46
confounding variables
any variable othr than the IV that may effect the DV
5 of 46
demand characterstics
cues in the environment that cause you to guess the aim of the study which may lead to participant reactivity
6 of 46
participant reactivity
the participants react to cues from the researchers
7 of 46
evaluation apprehension
when the participant changes their behaviour to be seen in a more favourable light
8 of 46
investigator effects
the effect on the investigators behaviour on the research outcome
9 of 46
randomisation
participants are randomly split into groups to prevent bias
10 of 46
standardisation
when the researcher uses the same formalised procedures on participants in a study
11 of 46
ecological validity
when the finding can be generalised through real life settings. Does it refflect a real life environment
12 of 46
temporal validity
can the findings be generalised over different time periods
13 of 46
internal validity
when the study measures what it intends to measure
14 of 46
population validity
can the findings be generalised to the target population
15 of 46
reliability
can it be replicated and repeated
16 of 46
aims
a general statement of what the researcher intends to investigate, the purpose of the study
17 of 46
hypothesis
a clear precise testable statement that states the relationship between the variables to be investigated outset of any study
18 of 46
counterbalancing
measuring the effects in all possible ways and situations
19 of 46
independent groups design
when you have two or more separate groups each containing different individuals where each participant only takes part in on condition once
20 of 46
repeated measures design
uses the same subjects with every branch of research including the control. Repeated measurements are collected in a longditudinal study which change over time is assessed
21 of 46
matched pairs design
pairs of participants are first matched on some variables that may affect the DV for example IQ. Then one member from condition A and B are assigned
22 of 46
sample bias
some members of the intended population are less likely to be included than others
23 of 46
generalisation
inconditioning, the tendency to transfer a response from one stimulus to another which is quite similar
24 of 46
ethics
correct rules and conducts that you should follow when doing an experiment
25 of 46
pilot study
trail run of a study on a much smaller scale to identify what may go wrong
26 of 46
naturalistic observation
watching and recording behaviour in the setting within which it would normally occur
27 of 46
controlled observation
researchers attempt to control ceratin variables
28 of 46
overt observation
participants behaviour is watched and recorded with their knowledge and consent
29 of 46
covert observation
paricipants behaviour is watched and recorded without their knowledge or consent
30 of 46
behavioural categories
when a target behaviour is broken up into components that are observable and measureable
31 of 46
time sampling
a sampling method that involves the acquisition of representative samples by observing subjects at different time intervals. These can be chosen randomly and systematically
32 of 46
event sampling
this consists of the researcher recording an event every time it appears or happens
33 of 46
coding units
the format in which information is stored in various memory stores. List of things observed and placed in a tally table
34 of 46
closeed questions
structured and can be restricted
35 of 46
open questions
doesn't have a fixed rnage of answers
36 of 46
co-variables
the variables consisting in a correlation
37 of 46
correlation
a mathematical technique in which a researcher investigates an association between two variables called co-variables
38 of 46
quantitative
any means of extracting meaning from data that uses numerical data as the basis for investigation and interpretation
39 of 46
qualitative
data that is expressed in words and non-numerical data
40 of 46
primary data
information that has been obtained first hand
41 of 46
secondary data
information that has already been collected by somebody else
42 of 46
meta-analysis
research about research. Refers to the process of combing results from a number of studies on a particular topic to provied an overall view
43 of 46
measure of dispersion
the general term for any measure of the spread or variation in aset of scores (range and standard deviation)
44 of 46
measures of centeral tendancy
the general term for any measure of the average value in a set of data (mean, mode and median)
45 of 46
descriptive statistics
the use of graphs, tables and summary statistics to identify trends an analyse sets of data
46 of 46

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

the thing that is measured

Back

dependent variable

Card 3

Front

clearly breaking something down to make it measureable

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

other variables which effect the dependent variable. Such as temperature, light and location

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

any variable othr than the IV that may effect the DV

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Psychology resources:

See all Psychology resources »See all Research methods and techniques resources »