Psychopathology - Phobias - Flashcards in A Level and IB Psychology

What are phobias?

Phobias are extreme, persistent, disproportionate fears of a particular object, activity or situation.

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What differs a phobia from a psychosis/delusion?

The sufferer is able to acknowledge the irrationality of their response with a phobia.

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What is Mowrer's 2 process model?

First - classical conditioning creates the phobia, due to an association between the stimulus and fear response (e.g Watson and Rayner). Second - operant conditioning sustains the phobia, as the avoidance of the object acts as negative reinforcement

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What evidence support's Mowrer's 2 process model?

1) Sue et al (1994) found that people often recall a specific incident linked to their phobia. 2) Bandura found that when a model responds to a loud noise with pain, an observer imitates this.

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What are the limitations of Mowrer's 2 process model?

It ignores complex cognitive factors and ignore biological preparedness.

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What is Systematic Desensitisation?

It was created by Wolpe, in which the patient works with a therapist to progress through a hierarchy of fear, replacing the anxiety with relaxation.

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What is 'Flooding'?

Another form of treatment for phobias, where the sufferer is exposed directly to their fear for an extended period of time.

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What are the positives of behavioural therapies?

They are generally quick, and are effective for a range of patients.

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What are the negatives of behavioural therapies?

Ethical issues such as causing anxiety, aswell as the possibility of symptom substitution.

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Psychopathology - Phobias

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