Renal System

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  • Created by: Louisa
  • Created on: 03-03-20 19:25
Function of the kidney
to regulate ionic comp, reg of blood pH, reg of blood vol, and blood pressure. Reg of blood osmolarity, prod. of hormones, reg of blood glusoce and excretion of waste and foreign substances
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what do the kidneys produce
urea, creastine, waste/extra fluid, waste of extra electrolytes and toxins
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What are the supporitve structures of the kidney (3)
renal capsule, adipose capsule, and renal fascia
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Renal capusle
fibrous transparent outer coat
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adipose capsule
fatty mass that holdds the kidney in place against the posterior trunk muscle
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Renal fascia
dense fibrous connective tissue that anchors these organs to surrounding structures and also encloses the adrenal gland
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what in found in the glomerus to prevent the passage of blood
fenestrations
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what does the basement mebane do?
prevent the passage of small molecules
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what is the GFR
amount of plasma water filtered though the glomeruli per minute
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what is the normal GFR
100 to 120 ml per min
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what is reabsorped at the proximal convulated tubule
sodium, water, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, bicarbonate, glucose and amino acids
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what is reabsorped into the surrounding fluid at the loop of henle
H2O
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going back up the ascending tubele what is reabsorbed and what goes into the surrounding fluid
urea and NA, K and CL
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At the distal convulated tubule what is put out
na, cl HCO3 and H2O
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what is reabsobed at the collecting duct and put out
H K and NH4 and H2O and urea
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what substances can't be reabsorbped
too big pr the alc of carrier molecules such as plasma proteins, leukocytes and erythrocytes and platelets
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Other Kidney functions inckude what
control of RBC and blood pressure and produce Vit d
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what is EPO stand for where the kidney produces 90% of it
erthyropoitin production
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What type of cell is it stimulates what to do what...?
glycoprotein hormone. Stimulates bone marrow and to produce RBC
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Production of EPO is stimulated by what
hypoxia and anaemia
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Low renal blood flow includes what type of problems
low BP, low Blood vol, and low blood sodium
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LOw bp, low blood vol and low blood sdoium is dectected by what... causing what
the kidney, causing secretion of renin
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Angiotenninogen and renin combined leads to
angiotensin 1
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Angiotenisin 1 plue ACE a converting enzyme lead to
Angiotensin 2
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angiotensin 2 leads to what
vasocontriction, increasing blood pressure
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the release of Angiotensin 2 causes the release of 2 more substances
Aldosterone and antidiuretic hormone
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high blood potassium and angiotensin 2 triggers the what to release aldosterone and targets where
adrenal cortex and targets kidney tubules
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The target of the kidney tubules casues the reabsoprtion of what susbstance and excretion od what
sodium and water and excretion of K
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this increase in water and soidum levels leads ro
inhibition of the adrenal cortex and increase blood vol and blood pressure , leading to inhibition of the secretion of renin
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Antidiuretic hormone is released by the stimualtion of what
the posterior pituitary gland
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Antidiuretic hormone targets what which causes an increase in what
collecting ducts of the kidneym water absorption, ;eading to an increase in blood vol and herefore blood pressure
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the kidney also controls the balance of what minerals
calcium and phosphate
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ca and kcan enter the blood stream via
bone or gut
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what hormone causes the release of stored Ca from bone to blood
parathyroid hormone
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What else does this hormone do?
enhance reabsoption of Ca in the kidneys and stimulates the production of vit d from the kidney ro promote uptake i nthe gut
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a low conc of calcium in the blood causes the release of what
parathyroid hormone
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the realease of the parathyroid hormone causes what to occur
efflux of ca from the bone, decrease in ca loss in the urine and stimulation of vit d production enhancing absorptio of ca in the intestine from food. this leads to higher CA in the blood
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What are the 5 problems a kidney can have
UTI, aging, kidney stones, acute kidney injury, abd chronic kidney disease
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What happens to the kidney and urinary systm during aging
loss of mass, renal blood flow decerases by 50%, glomeruli only function at 60%, filtraton, erabosrption and secretion decrease, and its more common to get UTIs and kidney disease
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Kidney stones can be deteted by the precipitation of
salt crytals present in the urine
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the salt crystals form what
into the kidney stones and are extremely painful
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treatment
shock wave therapy
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management
pain relief and transport to ED
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what is a UTI
infection i nthe urinary systems
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what are the types
urethritis, cystitis, pyelonephristis
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chronic pyelonephiritis can lead to what
scar tissue build up, leading to impaired kidney function
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Management, what are things to look for
sepsis, pyrexia, pain releif and aantibiotics
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Acute kidney injury characterised by
sudden loss of kidney function or multiple organ failure incase of severe illness
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cause of acute kidney failure
low blood vol, decreased cardiac output, demage renal tubules, kidney stones, dyes used in angiograms, NSAIDs and some antibiotics
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Sign and symtoms
decrease urine, oedema SOB, confusion, fatigue, seizures, chest pain _hyperkalemia, and cardiac arrest
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Management on the ambo for an acute kidney injury
12 lead and ED
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Chronic kidney disease is defined as what
Progessive, ususally irreversible, decline in glomerular fltration rate
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Cause
Hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, kidney stones, traumatic injury kidney infection and certain drugs
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

what do the kidneys produce

Back

urea, creastine, waste/extra fluid, waste of extra electrolytes and toxins

Card 3

Front

What are the supporitve structures of the kidney (3)

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Renal capusle

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

adipose capsule

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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