River Quiz

Name the cycle - with initials HC - that shows how water moves around

hydrological cycle

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Name the three different parts to Q1).

sea, land, atmosphere

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What type of system is the HC

closed

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Name the process when water in the sea/lake/pond is heated by the sun and forms water vapour

Evaporation

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Name the process whereby water evaporates from plants

Transpiration

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What happens to form clouds of water vapour

Condensation

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Name the transfer when water soaks into the soil

Infiltration

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Name the transfer when water moves vertically down through soil and rock

Percolation

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What is it called when water in the soil flows downhill

Throughflow

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What is it called when water in the rock flows downhill

Groundwater Flow

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When water flows overground, this is called?

Surface runoff

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The flow of water in a river is called?

Channel Flow

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Where is water held in a Channel Store?

In the river

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What is a rock called that stores water?

Aquifer

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Give an example

Chalk

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What type of storage is it where water is stored underground in soil and rock

Groundwater storage

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When water is held in lakes, reservoirs and puddles, what type of store is it?

Surface Storage

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When water lands on things like plant leaves and does not hit the ground, what is that called?

Interception storage

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What is the area of land drained by a river called?

Drainage Basin

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What kind of system is that?

Open System

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Name the four parts of Q19).

Inputs, Flows, Stores, Outputs

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A small river or stream that joins a main river is a what?

Tributary

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The point - usually in upland area - where a river starts is called the what?

Source

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A point where two rivers join is called?

A confluence

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Where the river flows into the sea or a lake is a?

Mouth

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What is the invisible line called that defines the boundary of a drainage basin?

Watershed

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One cold type of mechanical weathering is called?

Freeze-Thaw Weathering

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Name two other main types of weathering?

Biological and Chemical

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What is the precipitation with carbon dioxide dissolved in it called?

Acid Rain

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What type of weathering is that?

Chemical

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The long profile of a river shows you how what feature of a river changes

The Gradient

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What is the other type of profile called?

The Cross Profile

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Name four erosional features in the upper course?

Waterfalls, Gorges, Interlocking Spurs and V-Shaped Valleys

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What forms at the base of a waterfall?

Plunge Pool

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Name two Middle Course features of a river?

Meanders and Oxbow Lakes

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What is the fastest flow of water called in a meander

Thalweg

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Where is this flow found and why?

Outside of the bend because the river is deeper

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What happens on the inside of the bend

Deposition

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What is formed on the inside of the bend

Slip-Off Slope

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Why does an oxbow lake formed

The river tries to find the shortest course/route

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How does the oxbow lake eventually get cut off from the main river channel

From deposition

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What is the name given to flat areas of land that flood

Flood Plains

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What are Levees

Natural embankments along the edges of a river channel caused by a build up in deposited material

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What is the name given to low lying areas where a river meets the sea or a lake

Deltas

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Delta with a rounded shape and lots of tributaries is called?

Arcuate

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An Example

Nile Delta

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What shape does a Cuspate delta have

Triangular

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An Example:

the Tiber Delta

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The last type of delta and an example:

Bird's Foot, Mississippi Delta

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The volume of water flowing in a river is called?

The River Discharge

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When the river discharge is greatest?

Peak Discharge

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The delay between peak rainfall and Peak Discharge is called the 'what' time?

Lag Time

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The increase in river discharge as water flows into the river is called?

The Rising Limb

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The decrease in river discharge as the river returns to its normal level is called the what?

Falling Limb

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Factors that increase the discharge and make the hydrograph steeper?

High rainfall, Intense rainfall, Impermeable rock, saturated ground from previous rainfall, steep slopes, Less vegetation = less interception.

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Factors that decrease the discharge and make the hydrograph gentler?

Low rainfall, Light rainfall, Permeable rock, good weather, gentle slopes, more vegetation

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(5)Physical Factors that cause Flooding?

Prolonged rainfall, Heavy rainfall, Relief, Snowmelt, Geology

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(2) Human Factors that cause Flooding?

Deforestation, Urbanisation

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This type of flood management consists of man-made structures built up to control the flow of rivers and reduce flooding is called?

Hard Engineering

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This type of flood management consists of schemes set up using knowlegde of a river and its processes to reduce the effects of flooding is called?

Soft engineering

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The term given to meeting the needs of people today without stopping people in the future getting the resources they need and not harming the environment is?

Sustainability

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3 Hard engineering examples:

Dams/Reservoirs, Channel Straightening, Man-Made Levees

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3 Soft engineering examples:

Flood warnings, preparation and Flood Plain Zoning

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Why do people living in LEDC's suffer more after floods?

Less money to prepare, help people afterwards, poorer transport links, working in areas that are more likely to flood, more difficult to access affected areas

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River Quiz

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