Schizophrenia

Outline the points for reliability and validity.

Co-morbidity- differing mental illnesses, Buckley OCD 23%, depre 50%. Cultural differences- Davisaon and Neale, Asian cultures flat effect, Gender diff, Loring and Powell, m-56%, f-20%, Implications (labelling).

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Outline genetic biological explanations.

Candidate genes- polygenic, combinations. Ripke- 108 combinations. Use family studies and 1% across the world.

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Evaluate the genetic biological explanations.

+Tienari, 164 adoptees w mother w s, 6.7% had s, 2% in control, +Gottesman, Mz-48%, 2 parents-46%, Dz-17%. -Reductionist, pscyhological factors.

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Outline the dopamine hypothesis biological explanations.

High levels of dopamine, difficulty differentiating the reality, attention and perspective. Dopamine receptors are oversensitive and fire too easily.

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Outline the neural correlates biological explanations.

N- Measurements of the structure correlates with experiences, ventrial statrium, anticipation of rewards, superior temporal gyrus and anterior cirgulate gyrus relates to hallucinations.

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Evaluate the neural and dopamine biological explanations.

+Allen, lower activity while experiencing hallucinations, +Davis and Kahn, excess of dopamine linked to hallucinations, less dopamine is negative, -Cause and effect.

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Outline family dysfunction as a psychological explanation.

Double bind, they give contradicting messages, lack of communication. Expressed emotions, criticism and anger, differing moods.

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Evaluate family dysfunction.

+RLA, +Read, 46 child abuse cases, 69% of women and 59% of men, -Tienari, -Cause and Effect

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Outline cognitive as a psychological explanation.

Several types of abnormal informational processing, metarepresentation is the ability to reflect on our own thoughts and behaviour- auditory hallucinations. Central control, supress automatic responses.

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Evaluate cognitive explanations.

+RLA +Stirling, 30 patients with 18 control, stroop test. -Unscientific, -Cause and effect.

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Outline biological therapies.

Typical antipsychotics, reduce levels of dopamine, block D2 receptors, limit positive symptoms. Atypical, more effectice, control dopamine and seretonin, occupy D2 receptors, rapidly disassociate.

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Evaluate Biological therapies.

Typical- +Thornley, 1121 patients had better functioning and reduced symptom severity, -Tardive dyskinesia,Jeste 30% compared to 5%. Atypical- +Meltzer, reduced symptoms 30-50%. -Ross and Read, view as abnormal.

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Outline CBT as a psychological therapies.

Therapy to identify reality, prove delusions as wrong and educate the patients.

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Outline Family therapy as a psychological therapy.

Encourages trust and techniques to handle illness, reduce relapse, reduces anger and guilt. Education.

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Schizophrenia

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