Science Additional - Biology 3

?
  • Created by: alliyah14
  • Created on: 13-01-16 13:49
What features does an animal cell have?
The following cell structures are found in most animal cells: Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Cell membrane, Mitochondria & Ribosome.
1 of 179
What features does an plant cell have?
Nucleus, Cell wall, Cytoplasm, Vacuole & Cell membrane.
2 of 179
What features does a bacteria cell have?
Cell membrane, Single strand of DNA, Cytoplasm & Cell wall.
3 of 179
What does a Nucleus contain?
A nucleus contains DNA in the form of chromosomes.
4 of 179
What is a Cytoplasm in terms of cells?
Gel-like substance where most of the cells chemical reactions happen.
5 of 179
What controls what goes in and out of a cell?
A cell membrane holds imformation together and controls what goes in and out of the cell.
6 of 179
Where are proteins synthesised?
Ribosomes are where proteins are synthesised.
7 of 179
Where does respiration take place in a cell?
Mitochondria is where most reactions take place that involve respiration. Cells that need lots of energy contain many mitochondria.
8 of 179
What supports the cell?
The Cell wall is made of Cellulose, it supports the cell.
9 of 179
In a plant cell where does photosynthesis take place?
In the Chloroplasts is where photosynthesis happens.
10 of 179
Where is a cell snap in a cell?
A vaculoe is a relatively large structure that contains cell snap, a weak solution of sugar and salts.
11 of 179
Does a bacteria cell have a Nucleus, Chloroplasts or a Mitochondria?
Bacteria cells have none of the following.
12 of 179
What are Chromosomes made of?
Chromosomes are long molecules of coiled up DNA.
13 of 179
What are genes in terms of DNA?
The DNA is divided up into short sections called genes.
14 of 179
What are nucleotides?
DNA is a double helix (a double-stranded spiral). Each of the two DNA strands is made up of lots of small groups called nucleotides.
15 of 179
What is a base in terms of DNA?
Each nucleotide contains a small molecule called bases. DNA have 4 bases.
16 of 179
Whare are the four Bases in DNA and which match with each other?
A,C,G,T - A matches with T & G matches with C. This is called complementary base pairing.
17 of 179
What did Watson and Crick do?
They were the first to model DNA. They used data from other scientists and data to understand DNA.
18 of 179
Why did Watson and Crick use x-ray data?
They used x-ray data to show that DNA is double helix that is formed using two chains wound togeher.
19 of 179
How does new cells still have the full amount of DNA?
DNA copies itself everytime the cell divides, so that each new cell has the full amount of DNA.
20 of 179
How does DNA copy itself?
In order for DNA to copy itself the double helix slipts to form two single strands. New nucleotides then join using complementary base-pairing. This makes an exact copy and results in two double stranded DNA molecules.
21 of 179
What is protein synthesis?
DNA controls the prodction of proteins (protein synthesis) in a cell.
22 of 179
What is a Gene?
A section of DNA that codes for a particular proteins is called a gene.
23 of 179
What are proteins made of?
Protein are made of amino acids, each protein has a specific amount of amino acids and order.
24 of 179
What decides on the order of the amino acids?
It's the order of the bases in a gene that decides the order of the amino acids.
25 of 179
How does the body generate unique proteins?
Each gene contains a different sequence of bases - which is what allows it to code for a unique protein.
26 of 179
Where are proteins made?
Proteins are made in the cell Cytoplasm.
27 of 179
What makes proteins?
Proteins are made by tiny structures called ribosomes.
28 of 179
What is mRNA function?
mRNA carries the code to the Ribosomes. It acts as the messenger between the DNA and Ribosomes.
29 of 179
Why can't the DNA go directly to the Ribosomes?
DNA must stay in the nucleus as its too big to exit the cell nucleus.
30 of 179
Why does DNA need to go to the Ribosomes?
DNA must travel to the Riboosomes in order to make protein.
31 of 179
How does mRNA do it job?
mRNA copy the DNA and carries the code to the ribosomes.
32 of 179
How does DNA control a cell?
DNA controls a cell by conrolling protein production. The protein in a cell affects how it functions.
33 of 179
What does the proteins produced affect in the body?
Some of them determine the cell structure, whereas others control the cell reaction (like enzymes).
34 of 179
Why does different types of cells have different functions?
Different types of cells have different functions as they make different proteins.
35 of 179
What function does 'carrier molecules' have?
Ìts a protein that is used to carry small molecules around the body. E.g. Haeomglobin found in red blood cells.
36 of 179
What function does 'hormones' have in terms of proteins?
This protein is used to carry messages around the body. E.g. Insulin is a hormone released into the blood to regulate the blood sugar.
37 of 179
What function does 'structural proteins' have on the body?
Structural proteins are made to be physiclly strong. E.g. collagen is a strutcural protein that strenghtens connective tissues.
38 of 179
Whta types of reactions are taking place in a cell?
Cells have thousands of chemical reactions taking place like respiration, photosynthesis and protein synthesis.
39 of 179
Why can't you raise temperatures of the body to speed up reactions?
By raising temperatures this would speed up useful reactions but also unnwanted reactions too. Also if a cell is under high temperatures it could become damaged.
40 of 179
What do Enzymes act as?
Living things produce enzymes which act as a BIOLOGICAL CATALYST.
41 of 179
What is a Biological Catalyst?
A biological catalyst is a subtance that speeds up reactions without being used itself.
42 of 179
Do different biological reactions have different enzymes?
Yes, every differnt biological reactions has its own enzymes specific for its reaction.
43 of 179
What does chemical reactions involve?
Chemical reactions usually involve things being split or joined together.
44 of 179
What is a substrate?
The substrate is the molecule changed in the reaction.
45 of 179
What is an active site on a enzyme?
Its the part where an enzyme joins on to a substrate to catalyse the reaction.
46 of 179
What is the lock and key mechanism?
If the substrates shape doesn't fit the active site it won't catalyse, this is known as the lock and key mechanism.
47 of 179
What does the enzyme change into after a reaction is complete?
Trick question! The enzymes remain the same after a reaction as a catalyst is not used during a reaction.
48 of 179
What happens to the rate of the reaction when the temperature is changed?
Changing the temperature will change the rate of reaction in an enzyme-catalysed reaction.
49 of 179
What take place when a reaction is under high temperatures?
A high temperature will increase the rate of reaction at first as the substrate particles will have more energy and will be more likely to collide with enzymes quicker. This will lead to high collision rates.
50 of 179
What will take place if a reaction happens under lower temperatures?
Lower temperature will have the opposite effect, the substrate particles will have less energy and will be slow. This leads to the enzymes and the substrate particles colliding together slower. Overall resulting in a lower rate of reaction.
51 of 179
What will happen if the temperatures are too hot?
If it get too hot the bonds holding the enzymes together will break. This means it will lose shape and no longer function.
52 of 179
What is denaturing?
Denaturing is when the temperatures are too hot that the enzyme can no longer work or function. Its change in shape is irreversible.
53 of 179
What is the optimum temperature?
Every enzyme has a maxium optimum temperature where the reaction is at its fastest. This is the temperature just before the enzyme starts to denature.
54 of 179
If the pH is too low or high what does it have an effect on?
If its to low or high it interferes with the bonds holding the enzymes together and leads to them denaturing.
55 of 179
What does the Q10 show us?
Q10 values shows how rate of reaction changes with temperature.
56 of 179
What is the Q10 equation?
Rate at higher temperature / Rate at lower temperature.
57 of 179
If the Q10 = 2 what does it mean?
That between the higher and the lower temperature the rate has doubled.
58 of 179
What is a a mutation?
A mutation is a change in the DNA base sequences.
59 of 179
What happens if a mutation takes place in a gene?
It could stop production of the protein that the gene usually makes or the gene could create a incorrect protein.
60 of 179
What happens if a gene creates the wrong protein or no protein?
It would be a diaster specificlly if the enzyme was important.
61 of 179
What happens if a mutation occurs in reproductive cells?
The offspring could develop abnormally or die at an early stage.
62 of 179
What happens if a mutation occurs in a body cell?
The cell will multiply in an uncontrolled way and reach other parts of te body. This is cancer.
63 of 179
What happens rarely if a new protein is created due to mutations?
Sometimes it could be a benefit and therefore leading to an advantage over the population. This then gets passed on to their offspring.
64 of 179
What do you need to be exposed in order to have your chances of mutation increased?
Subtances that increase chances of mutations if exposed to them is ionising radition and ceratin chemicals like carcinogen (what cigareettes contain) and mutagens.
65 of 179
What is wrong with single-celled organisms?
Nothing! They are pretty successful just look at bacteria.
66 of 179
What are some advantages of being multicellular?
They are larger which is good as they can travel further and protect themselves from getting eaten etc.
67 of 179
What is cell differentiation?
This where unlike singe-cells multicellulars can do lots of different jobs around the body. As single cells just do one job mulitcellulars do more complex and diffcult functions. E.g. one multicellulars can carry oxygen & deliever the right nutrients
68 of 179
What must a multicellular cell have?
Being multicellular means that an organism must have a specialised organ system.
69 of 179
What does Mitosis do?
Mitosis makes new cells for growth and repair.
70 of 179
How does Mitosis work?
Mitosis is when a cell reproduces itself by splitting to form two identical offspring.
71 of 179
Where do Mitosis take place?
Mitosis occurs all around the body in order for growth and repair to take place.
72 of 179
Why does the body need Mitosis?
When the body creates identical cells its an advantage because then the body can replace the old and worn out cells with cells that can grow and repair damage within the body.
73 of 179
What happens at the start of Mitosis?
Before Mitosis starts, the DNA in the cell is replicated.
74 of 179
What are double-armed chromosomes?
The DNA coils into Double-armed chromosomes, these arms are exact copies of each other - they contain exactly the same DNA.
75 of 179
What lines up at the centre of the cell during Mitosis?
The chromosomes line up at the centre of the cell and then divide as cell fibre pull them apart.
76 of 179
What goes to opposite ends of the cell during Mitosis?
The two arms of each chromosmes go to opposite poles (ends) of one cell. Membranes form around each of these two different sets of chromosomes.
77 of 179
What happens to the cytoplasm during Mitosis?
The cyctoplasm divides, to form two new cells containing the same exact DNA in each new cell.
78 of 179
What needs to occur before the two new cells can divide again?
Once you have two new cells that are genetically identical to each other, before these can divide again the DNA has to replicate itself to give each chromosome two arms again.
79 of 179
What is Meiosis?
Meiosis is another form of cell division - it creates Gametes.
80 of 179
What are Gametes and where are they found in the body?
Gametes are found in the ovaries and testes. Gametes are the sex cells - eggs and sperm.
81 of 179
What is Diploid?
The body cells of a mammel are diploid. This means that each cell has two copies of chromosomes in its nucleus. One chromosome is from their mother and the other is from their father.
82 of 179
What is hiploid?
Hiploid is where there is only one copy of chromosomes in there cell. This is so that when the egg and the sperm combanie, they'll form a cell with the diploid number of chromosomes.
83 of 179
How does Meiosis start?
Meiosis starts the exact same way as mitosis - the DNA replicates itself and curls up to form double-armed chromosomes.
84 of 179
What happens in the first division of Meiosis?
In the first division these pairs split up (46 chromosmes to 23).
85 of 179
How many cells does Meiosis generate after the process?
Once Meiosis is complete you end up with four new cells, two after the first division and four after the second division.
86 of 179
Why in Meiosis are the cells genetically different?
The cells are genetically different from each other because the chromosomes all get shuffled up during meiosis and each gamete only get half of them at random.
87 of 179
What is zygote?
At fertilisation male and female gamtes combine to form a diploid cell. This is called Zygote.
88 of 179
How has sperm adapted to its function?
Sperm are small and have long tails to swim. Also have lots of Mitochondria to swim far. They also have acrosome at the front of their head to release enzymes to digest their way through the membrane.
89 of 179
What is the difference between Animal and plant growth?
Animals stop growing, plants can grow continuously.
90 of 179
What type of cells can turn into different types of cells?
Stem cells can turn into different types of cells.
91 of 179
What is Differentiation?
Differentation is the process by which a cell changes to become specialised for it's job.
92 of 179
What are Stem Cells?
They develop into different types of cells, tissues and organs depending on what instuctions are given.
93 of 179
Where are Stem Cells found?
Stem cells are found in early human embryos. They have the potential to turn into any kind of cell at all.
94 of 179
Where are Adults Stem cells found?
Adults also have stem cells, but they're only found in certain places, like bone marrow. However these aren't the same as embryonic cells as they can't turn into any cell.
95 of 179
How does Stem Cells cure Diseases?
As Bone marrow contains stem cells if someone had blood disorders they would have a transplant to ensure stems get into their body to create new blood cells to replace the faulty ones.
96 of 179
Why do scientists extract human embryos?
As they contain a lot of stem cells scientists extract the cells so they can grow them. They think that this will grow tissues to treat medical conditions.
97 of 179
Why do some believe that human embryos should not be used for cell research?
Some people are aganist cell research because they feel that human embryos are potential life therefore killing a human life. However some think that helping the living is more important than potential humans.
98 of 179
Give an agument in favour of cell research.
The embryos used are usually unwanted ones from fertility clinics which would have probably of been destoryed anyways.
99 of 179
Which countries fund and don't fund cell membrane?
There are number of 'stocks' of stem cells that scientists can use for researh. USA don't provide funds where as the UK do however have scrict guidelines.
100 of 179
How can we measure growth?
Methods to measure growth: Length - Just length or height, Wet Mass -Is just the Mass, & Dry Mass - Drying out the organism before weighing it.
101 of 179
Advantages and disadvantages of length.
Advantages: Easy to measure. Disadvantages: It doesn't give any other information nor tell you about the width.
102 of 179
Advantages and Disadvantages of Wet Mass.
Advantages: Easy to measure. Disadavntages: Wet mass is very changeable.
103 of 179
Advantages and Disadvantages of Dry Mass.
Its not affected by the amount of water in a plant nor the food. Disadvantage: You have to kill the animal to work out the Dry Mass.
104 of 179
Which measure of growth is the best mehod?
Dry Mass is actually the best measure of growth in plants and animals - its not affected by changes in water content and it tells you the whole size.
105 of 179
What are the different phases of Human Growth?
The phases are: Infancy, Childhood, Adolescence and then Maturity & Old age.
106 of 179
When does a person stop growing?
Growth stops when a person reachs adulthood.
107 of 179
Does the body grow consitantly?
No, Certain parts of the body grows faster or slower than others.
108 of 179
Is Respiration breathing in and out?
No, Respiration goes in every cell in your body. It's the process of relesing energy from glucose.
109 of 179
Can Respiartion be used directly on a cell?
No, respiration is used to make a substance called ATP.
110 of 179
What does ATP do?
ATP acts as an energy source for many cell processes and transfers energy to where it's needed in a cell.
111 of 179
What is respiration controlled by?
Respiration is controlled by enzymes.
112 of 179
What is the rate of respiration affected by?
Rate of respiration is affected by both temperature and pH.
113 of 179
What are the two types of Respiration?
The two types of Respiration are Aerobic and Anaerobic.
114 of 179
What is Aerobic Respiration?
This is what happens when there is plently of oxygen and it's the most efficient way of releasing energy from glucose. It's what we use most of the time.
115 of 179
What is the word equation of Aerobic Respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen -> Carbon Dioxide + Water (+ Energy)
116 of 179
What happens when rate of respiration increase?
When Respiration rate increases, both oxygen consumptions and carbon dioxide production increases.
117 of 179
What can be used to estimate metabolic rate?
The rate of oxygen consumption can be used to estimate metabolic rate (the amount of energy being used).
118 of 179
What is Anaerobic Respiration?
Anaerobic Respiration Doesn't use oxygen at all and it keeps your muscles going when you're in a bad state.
119 of 179
Why is Anaerobic Respiation not the best way to convert glucose to energy?
It's not the best way to convert glucose because it releases a lot less energy per glucose molecule than aerobic respiration.
120 of 179
What does Lactic Acid do to your muscles?
The lactic acid builds up in the muscles, which gets painful and makes the muscles fatigued.
121 of 179
When you stop exericsing why will you have oxygen debt?
You will need extra oxygen to break down all the lactic acid that's built up in your muscles and to allow aerobic respiration to begin again. This means you have to keep on breating hard for a while after you stop exercising to repay the debt.
122 of 179
What is the word equation for Anaerobic Respiration?
Glucos -> Lactic Acid (+Energy)
123 of 179
What is Respiratory Quotient?
It tells you whether someone is respiring Aerobically or Anaerobically.
124 of 179
What does the figure 0.7 and 1 how about someones respiration in RQ?
The RQ is usually between 0.7 and 1 - this means that the person is respiring aerobically. If the RQ is greater than 1 then the person is respiring Anaerobically.
125 of 179
What is Plasma?
Plasma is the liquid bit of blood. Plasma is yellow liquid which carries things around the blood.
126 of 179
What does Plasma carry around the body?
Red blood cells, White Blood cells, Water, Digested Food, Carbon Dioxide, Urea, Hormones & Antibodies.
127 of 179
What is the shape of Red Blood cells?
Red blood cells are small and bioncave shaped to give a large surface area to volume ratio for absorbing and releasing oxygen.
128 of 179
What gives red blood cells it's colour?
Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which gives the blood it's colour - it contains a lot of iron.
129 of 179
What happens to the haemoglobin in the lungs?
In the lungs, haemoglobin combaines with oxygen to become oxhaemoglobin. In the body tissues the reverse happens to release oxygen in the cells.
130 of 179
What is biconcave?
Biconcave is just a posh term for a round doughnut shape.
131 of 179
What are Blood Vessels used for?
Blood Vessels are how blood gets around the body.
132 of 179
What are the three types of blood vessels?
Arteries, Capillaries and Veins.
133 of 179
What are Arteries used for?
They carry the blood away from the heart.
134 of 179
What are Capillaries?
These are invovled in the exchange of materials at the tissues.
135 of 179
What are Veins used for?
These carry blood to the heart.
136 of 179
What type of pressure does blood flow through the arteries?
The heart pumps the blood out at high pressure so the artery walls are strong and elastic. The walls are thick compared to the lumen (the middle of the hole). They contain layers of muscle.
137 of 179
What size are the Carillaries?
Arteries branch into capillaries. They are so tiny - you can't even see them.
138 of 179
What are Carillaries function?
They carry blood really close to every cell in the body to exchange subtances with them. They have permeable walls, so substances can diffuse in and out. Also they supply food and oxygen and take away CO2 (Waste).
139 of 179
What happens when capillaries join together?
Capillaries eventually join up to form veins.
140 of 179
What type of pressure is blood under in the Veins?
In the Veins blood are under lower pressure so the walls aren't thick.
141 of 179
Why do Veins have larger Lumen than Arteries?
To help the back flow despite low pressure.
142 of 179
Why do Veins have Valves?
They have valves to help keep the blood flowing in the right direction.
143 of 179
Why don't Arteries need valves?
The pressure in them is high enough to keep the blood flowing the right way.
144 of 179
What is a double circulatory?
It's where the heart and the lungs are connect to the rest of the body.
145 of 179
In the double circulatory system, what is the first system?
This is where the heart connects to the lungs. Deoxygenated blood is pumped to the lungs to take in oxygen. The blood then returns to the heart.
146 of 179
In the double circulatory system, what is the second system?
This connects the heart to the rest of the body. The oxygenated blood is pumped around the body and then the deoxygenated blood returns to the heart to be pumped to the lungs again.
147 of 179
What are the advantages of a double circulatory system?
Its very fast way of producing oxygen so therefore it can then ensure animals maintain a good body temperature.
148 of 179
What is the Right side of the heart responsible for?
The right side is for deoxygenated blood.
149 of 179
What is the Left side of the heart responsible for?
The left side is for oxgenated blood.
150 of 179
In the right artium of the heart, where is deoxgyenated blood recieved?
The right artium of the heart recieves deoxygenated blood from the body through the Vena Cava.
151 of 179
How does Deoxygenated blood leave the heart?
The deoxygenated blood moves throught the right venticle, which pumps it to the lungs via the pulmonary artery.
152 of 179
What is the Vein called that lets Oxygenated blood into the heart?
The left artium recieves oxygenated blood is through the plumonary vein.
153 of 179
What allows the oxygenated blood to move all around the body?
The oxygenatd blood moved through to the left ventricle, which pumps it all around the body through the aorta.
154 of 179
Which Ventricle has a thicker wall? Left or Right?
The left ventriicle has a much thicker wall as it needs more muscle to pump blood around the whole body, whereas the right only pumps blood to the lungs.
155 of 179
Name the Three Types of Valves in the heart?
The semilunar, Tricuspid and Bicuspid valve, which prevents backflow.
156 of 179
Is the Tricuspid valve located on the Right or Left side of the heart?
Tricuspid valves are located on the Right side (Remember tRicuspid) and the Bicuspid valve is located on the left side. The semilunar valves are located on both sides.
157 of 179
What is Selective Breeding?
Its when human artificially select the plants or animals that are going to breed and have their genes remain in the population, according to what we want from them.
158 of 179
Why do people Selective Breed?
In order to gain the best features from an animal or plant: To gain maximum yield (meat, milk & grain), Good health and disease resistance & Other qualities like speed, attractiveness and temperament.
159 of 179
What are some disadvantages of Selective Breeding?
It creates a gene pool (Reduces the number of different alleles in a population because they are closely related). Also it could cause health problems as they are a gene pool. If a new disease appears there's not much variation in the population.
160 of 179
What is Genetic Engineering?
Its the process of moving Genes (sections of DNA) from one organism to another so that it produce useful biological products.
161 of 179
What are some advantages of Genetic Engineering?
Its useful for producing organisms with new and useful features quickly.
162 of 179
What are some disadvantages of Genetic Engineering?
There are many risks like harmful effects and also people worry about the DNA 'escaping'.
163 of 179
How does Genetic Engineering work?
Firstly you take the desirable characteristic and then cut it from the DNA using enzymes and isolated. Then the useful gene is inserted into the DNA of another organism, which is then replicated.
164 of 179
Give some Examples of Genetic Engineering.
In some places rice is heavily replied on so there is lack of Vitamin A as rice doesn't contain it. Genetic Engineering allows Vitamin A to be extracted and put in to rice and resolving the deficiency.
165 of 179
How does Genetic Engineering help plants?
Some plants contain resistances like herbicides, frost damage and disease but the plants aren't that diserable so we extract those useful products and put it into common and useful plants.
166 of 179
What are the moral and ethical issues involved with Genetic Engineering?
Some people think its wrong as animal could suffer as a result. Also people think that the poor will become 'Genetic Underclass' as the rich are choosing their childrens characteristics. Lastly it could have unknown impacts on the future.
167 of 179
What is Gene Therapy?
Invovles altering peoples gene's in an attempt to cure genetic disorders.
168 of 179
How many types of Gene Therapies are there?
Two, One invovles body cells and the second involves gametes, which is controversial.
169 of 179
Explain the Gene Therapy about body cells.
It involves targeting the the most affected part of the body and altering the Gene. This doesn't affect the Gametes.
170 of 179
Explain the Gene Therapy about Gametes.
This means that every cell of any offspring produced from these gametes will be affected by the gene therapy - and the offspring won't suffer from the disease. However it's illegal.
171 of 179
What is Cloning?
Cloning is making an exact copy of another organism.
172 of 179
What is the method of cloning known as the nuclear transfer?
This involves placing the nucleus of a body cell into an egg cell.
173 of 179
What are some advantages of Cloning?
Cloning allows you to mass produce animals with desirabl characteristics.Also human embryos could be produced by cloning adult body cells.
174 of 179
What are the risks of Cloning?
There is a lot of evidence that cloned animals might not be as healthy as normal ones and often live a lot less. In addition cloning could create consequences that we are unaware of.
175 of 179
What are some ethical issues of Human Cloning?
There will be high rates of stillbirth and miscarriages. Since animal clones die early, maybe human clones will too. And lastly it could lead to psychological damage.
176 of 179
Why is cloning plants easier than cloning animals?
Because many plant cells keep their ability to differentiate.
177 of 179
What is Commerical Cloning?
Chosing the plant with the characteristics and then removing small pieces of tissue from the parent plant.You grow the tissue in a growth medium containing nutrients and growth hormones. As they produce shoots and roots the plant can be put in pots.
178 of 179
What are pros and cons of Cloning Plants?
Pros: You will get a genetically identical plant. Con: Mass-produce plants are hard to grow from seeds.
179 of 179

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What features does an plant cell have?

Back

Nucleus, Cell wall, Cytoplasm, Vacuole & Cell membrane.

Card 3

Front

What features does a bacteria cell have?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What does a Nucleus contain?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is a Cytoplasm in terms of cells?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
View more cards

Comments

No comments have yet been made

Similar Science resources:

See all Science resources »See all Biology resources »