Security vs. Development - Afghanistan

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  • Created by: EmmBlr
  • Created on: 01-06-17 09:00
What are Afghanistan's 4 major issues?
Landlocked. Mountainous. Poor infrastructure. Weak Economy.
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Conflicts in Afghanistan
1978-present: Civil war. 1979-1989: Soviet invasion. 1996-2001: Civil War during Taliban period. 2001-present: NATO/ISAF invasion.
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Summary of Conflict in Afghanistan
During Soviet invasion, 6 million refugees in Pakistan and Iran. 1996, Taliban controlled 90% of country, restored peace and stopped corruption. 9/11/01 - terrorist attacks by Al-Qaeda, leader Osama Bin Laden, 4 planes hijacked, 3000 killed.
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What did the US spent a year on restoring Afghanistan?
$3.4 billion a year - less than half what it spent on Iraq. Received less assistance per capita than many other post-conflict countries.
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Afghanistan: Social Impacts
Damaged homes. Civilians trapped in conflict. 2001 Afghan women and girls seized opportunity to go to school and uni. 7 million Afghan kids in school 2011, 900,000 boys in 2002. 25% quota for women in parliament.
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Afghanistan: Economic Impacts
Recovery of agricultural and service sector. Highly dependent on foreign aid - $57 billion since 2002.
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Afghanistan: Environmental Impacts
10,000 villages and surrounding environmnet destroyed. Illegal timber trading - less than 2% cover today. Lack of safe water - bacterial contaminations.
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What has happened since 2006?
Increased violence - schools and hospitals closed. Shortages of housing and clean water.
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What is the geography of Afghanistan?
Borders 7 countries. Arid to semi-arid climate. Winters very cold (-20), Summers very hot (+40). Himilayas in NE. 43% of population 0-14. Rural - only 24% live in urban areas. Sparse. 2.5% pop. growth. Population - 29.1 million.
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What evidence of poverty is there in Afghanistan?
Ranks 174/178 countries on HDI. 14% of babies die beore 1. Life Expectancy 42 years from birth. 50% earn less than $2 a day. 7 million don't have enough food to meet daily needs. 40% unemployment. 17.5 - median age. 28.1% literacy rate.
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How much of the GDP is the Opium Trade worth?
1/3 of Afghanistan's GDP. Locals need the income - fear of Taliban and traffickers.
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What is Development?
Distributing wealth among all members of the population so that the quality of life improves for everyone. Development has to be SUSTAINABLE.
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What is Security?
Provided by the law and a stable, well-governed and well-policed society. Security from war, food security, security that good education will bring better life chances.
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Afghanistan: No development without security
Armed forces create stable environment for a democratic society. Heavy security to stop increase in Opium production. International community not let Afghan. determine own aid priorities without security. Repair vital roads. Conflict deter investment
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Afghanistan: No security without development
Rural investment, training in new farming techniques - persuade farmers to stop. Of $70m for project for alternative livelihoods, less than $1m spent. Employ locals - jobless people are capable of anything. Different if more investment post '01.
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Card 2

Front

Conflicts in Afghanistan

Back

1978-present: Civil war. 1979-1989: Soviet invasion. 1996-2001: Civil War during Taliban period. 2001-present: NATO/ISAF invasion.

Card 3

Front

Summary of Conflict in Afghanistan

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did the US spent a year on restoring Afghanistan?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Afghanistan: Social Impacts

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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