dense muscular rings surrounding the aortic, pulmonary trunk and av orifices. functions to separate the atria and ventricles, maintain integrity and provide attachment for cusps
dense cartilaginous rings surrounding the aortic, pulmonary trunk and av orifices. functions to separate the atria and ventricles, maintain integrity and provide attachment for cusps
dense fibrous rings surrounding the aortic, pulmonary trunk and av orifices. functions to separate the atria and ventricles, maintain integrity and provide attachment for cusps
dense bony rings surrounding the aortic, pulmonary trunk and av orifices. functions to separate the atria and ventricles, maintain integrity and provide attachment for cusps
7. what are the thoracic splanchnic nerves
the lower 8 ganglia of the sympathetic chain around the aorta that innervates visceral tissue and organs in the abdominal cavity
the upper 8 ganglia of the parasympathetic chain around the aorta that innervates visceral tissue and organs in the thoracic cavity
the upper 8 ganglia of the sympathetic chain around the inferior vena cava that innervates visceral tissue and organs in the thoracic cavity
the lower 8 ganglia of the parasympathetic chain around the inferior vena cava that innervates visceral tissue and organs in the abdominal cavity
the upper 8 ganglia of the sympathetic chain around the aorta that innervates visceral tissue and organs in the thoracic cavity
the lower 8 ganglia of the parasympathetic chain around the aorta that innervates visceral tissue and organs in the abdominal cavity
8. what is the function of the thymus
production of RBCs
production of hormones
development of immune system
protection of heart
9. what is the thoracic duct
a major blood vessel starting as the cisterns chyli (dilated sac in abdomen) and passes behind the arch of aorta to enter the left brachiocephalic vein
a major blood vessel starting as the cisterns chyli (dilated sac in abdomen) and passes behind the arch of aorta to enter the right brachiocephalic vein
a major lymph vessel starting as the cisterns chyli (dilated sac in thorax) and passes behind the arch of aorta to enter the right brachiocephalic vein
a major lymph vessel starting as the cisterns chyli (dilated sac in abdomen) and passes behind the arch of aorta to enter the left brachiocephalic vein
a major lymph vessel starting as the cisterns chyli (dilated sac in abdomen) and passes behind the arch of aorta to enter the right brachiocephalic vein
a major blood vessel starting as the cisterns chyli (dilated sac in thorax) and passes behind the arch of aorta to enter the left brachiocephalic vein
10. what is the greater splanchnic nerve
t10-t12, synapse in inferior mesenteric ganglion, innervates midgut
t5-9, synapse in coeliac ganglion, innervates foregut
t5-9, synapse in superior mesenteric ganglion, innervates foregut
t10-t12, synapse in aorticorenal ganglion, innervates kidneys
l1-l2, synapse in inferior mesenteric ganglion, innervates hind gut
t10-t12, synapse in superior mesenteric ganglion, innervates midgut
11. what arises from the subclavian artery
internal thoracic -> superior epigastric and mesenteric . superior epigastric -> lower intercostal
internal thoracic -> superior epigastric and musculophrenic . superior epigastric -> lower intercostal
internal thoracic -> lower intercostal ->superior epigastric and mucluophrenic
internal thoracic -> superior epigastric and mesenteric . superior mesenteric -> lower intercostal
internal thoracic -> superior epigastric and musculophrenic . muscluophrenic -> lower intercostal
internal thoracic -> lower intercostal ->superior epigastric and mesenteric
12. what does the right lymphatic duct drain
lower limbs, abdomen, thorax, right upper limb and right side of the head and neck
entire right side of body
right thorax, right upper limb and right side of the head and neck
lower limbs, abdomen, right thorax, right upper limb and right side of the head and neck
thorax, right upper limb and right side of the head and neck
13. where would you auscultate for the tricuspid valve
left 5ic midclavicular
right 4ic
left 4ic
right 5ic
right 5ic midclavicular
left 2ic
left 5ic
right 2 ic
14. what is the structure of the semilunar valve
right, left and anterior cusps that fill with blood and empties into the coronary sinus
anterior (1-3 structures), posterior (inconsistent) and septal (largest) papillary muscles form from raised parts of the trabecular carnae.
anterior and posterior cusps connected to corresponding papillary muscles
anterior (inconsistent), posterior (largest) and septal (1-3 structures) papillary muscles form from raised parts of the trabecular carnae.
right, left and anterior cusps that fill with blood and empties into the aortic sinus
anterior (largest), posterior (1-3 structures) and septal (inconsistent) papillary muscles form from raised parts of the trabecular carnae.
left and right cusps connected to corresponding papillary muscles
medial and lateral cusps connected to corresponding papillary muscles
15. what is the pathway of the left reoccurant laryngeal n.
branch of left vagus, hooks around ductus arteriosum, goes down between oesophagus and trachea, supplies pericardium
branch of left vagus, hooks around ligamentum arteriosum, goes down between oesophagus and trachea, supplies pericardium
branch of left vagus, hooks around ligamentum arteriosum, goes up between oesophagus and trachea, supplies vocal chord muscles
branch of left vagus, hooks around ductus arteriosum, goes up between oesophagus and trachea, supplies vocal chord muscles
16. what is the lymphatic drainage of the thorax
anterior wall -> parasternal nodes and diaphragmatic nodes. posterior wall -> IC nodes around head and neck of ribs. lungs ->tracheobronchial nodes -> bronchomediastinal lymph trunks.
anterior wall -> diaphragmatic nodes. posterior wall -> IC nodes around head and neck of ribs. lungs ->tracheobronchial nodes ->
anterior wall -> IC nodes around head and neck of ribs. posterior wall -> parasternal nodes and diaphragmatic nodes. lungs ->tracheobronchial nodes -> bronchomediastinal lymph trunks.
anterior wall -> parasternal nodes. posterior wall -> IC nodes around head and neck of ribs and diaphragmatic nodes. lungs ->tracheobronchial nodes -> bronchomediastinal lymph trunks.
anterior wall -> parasternal nodes and diaphragmatic nodes. posterior wall -> IC nodes around head and neck of ribs and diaphragmatic nodes. lungs ->tracheobronchial nodes ->
17. where is the thymus
t4-t5, anterior portion of superior mediastinum. posterior to manubrium, anterior to heart's pericardial sac.
t4-t5, posterior portion of superior mediastinum. posterior to manubrium, anterior to heart's pericardial sac.
t5-t6, anterior portion of superior mediastinum. posterior to manubrium, anterior to heart's pericardial sac.
t4-t5, anterior portion of inferior mediastinum. posterior to manubrium, anterior to heart's pericardial sac.
t5-t6, posterior portion of inferior mediastinum. posterior to manubrium, anterior to heart's pericardial sac.
t5-t6, anterior portion of inferior mediastinum. posterior to manubrium, anterior to heart's pericardial sac.
18. what is the least splanchnic nerve
t5-9, synapse in superior mesenteric ganglion, innervates foregut
t10-t12, synapse in aorticorenal ganglion, innervates kidneys
t5-9, synapse in coeliac ganglion, innervates foregut
t10-t12, synapse in inferior mesenteric ganglion, innervates midgut
l1-l2, synapse in inferior mesenteric ganglion, innervates hind gut
t10-t12, synapse in superior mesenteric ganglion, innervates midgut
19. where would you auscultate for the mitral valve
right 5ic
right 2 ic
left 4ic
right 4ic
left 2ic
right 5ic midclavicular
left 5ic midclavicular
left 5ic
20. what is the lumbar splanchnic nerve
t5-9, synapse in coeliac ganglion, innervates foregut
t10-t12, synapse in inferior mesenteric ganglion, innervates midgut
t5-9, synapse in superior mesenteric ganglion, innervates foregut
l1-l2, synapse in inferior mesenteric ganglion, innervates hind gut
t10-t12, synapse in aorticorenal ganglion, innervates kidneys
t10-t12, synapse in superior mesenteric ganglion, innervates midgut
